Adaptability And Stability Analysis Of Agronomic Traits Of Soybean Germplasm In Northeast China Areas

Chinese soybean is at a disadvantageous position in the international market,therefore,it is very important to improve and ensure the stability of domestic soybean production and high yield.Cultivating high-yielding varieties and accurately evaluating the environmental stability and adaptability of different germplasm,as well as selecting high-quality and stable soybean germplasm resources with stable adaptability can provide a strong basis for high-yielding soybean breeding in China,which is beneficial to expand soybean planting area and improve the self-sufficiency rate of domestic soybean.The high latitude area(northeast region)is the main producing area of soybean cultivation in China.Soybean production plays an important role in the agricultural production in the northeast region.However,especially in the northeastern region,the soybean yield is relatively general,and it is urgently needed to select the varieties with high and stable yield.In this study,173 representative species in northeast China and 34 varieties from North American Maturity growth(MG)were used as experimental materials.The experiment was conducted in three representative sites in Harbin,Changchun and Shenyang in 2015 and 2016.The relationship between the yield and the main agronomic traits including plant height,number of main stem nodes,number of branches,number of pods per plant,number of grains per plant,grain weight per plant,100 grain weight and growth stages of soybean varieties in high latitudes was discussed and selected as high-quality soybean germplasm resources for relatively stable and adaptable conditions in Harbin,Changchun and Shenyang,which provided resource breeding of high yield a theoretical basis.The main results are as follows:1.Soybean germplasm resources in different provinces have differences in the mature stage,and the soybean varieties in Heilongjiang Province were mainly attributable to MG000-MG0.The varieties of Jilin Province were mainly attributable to MGO-MG?,and the cultivars of Liaoning Province were mainly attributable to MGO-MG.2.The variation range of 15 major agronomic traits in the multi-environment was wide based on the statistical analysis.The differences in yield-related traits of different soybean germplasm resources under the same environment were significant or extremely significant,and the agronomic traits were significantly different in the multi-environment and rich in variation.3.There were significant positive correlations between the yield of single plant and the main traits including plant height,number of main stem nodes,number of branches,number of pods per plant,number of grains per plant,grain weight per plant,100 grain weight and VE-R1,VE-R2,VE-R3,VE-R4,VE-R5,VE-R6,VE-R7 and VE-R8 at three experiment locations.Each growth stage was significantly positively correlated with all maturity at three experiment locations.4.The GGE double plot was used to evaluate the stability and adaptability of each agronomic trait at three experiment locations,as well as the representative and discriminability of experiment locations.In this study,20 varieties with higher and more stable plant height,and 28 varieties with more and more stable stem nodes,and 25 varieties with more and stable branches,and 20 varieties with more and stable pods,and 5 varieties with larger and stable grains per plant,13 varieties with larger and stable yield of single plant,and 22 varieties with higher and stable 100-grain,and 26 varieties with early flowers and lower photoperiod sensitivity,and 28 earlier maturing and stable varieties were selected by GGE double labeling method.The traits of plant height and one hundred grain weight in Shenyang and Harbin were the most differentiated.The trait of number of main stem nodes in Shenyang and Harbin was the most representative and differentiated.The trait of number of branches in Changchun was the most differentiated.The trait of number of pods per plant in Changchun and Harbin was the most differentiated.The traits of number of grains per plant and grain weight per plant in Shenyang were the most differentiated.The trait of flowering period in Changchun was the most differentiated,and the trait of maturity in Shenyang was the most differentiated.