| Oil palm is the world’s highest oil content of tropical woody oil crops. Oil palm is cultivated in Hainan, Yunnan, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces of China. The comprehensive study of oil palm during fruit development and growth characteristics,fatty acid content and main quality index changes are less so far. This research through the systematic study on the changes of growth characteristics, fatty acid content and main quality indices in the process of oil palm fruit development, which will provide the theory basis for the determination of fruit maturation, timely harvest and screening and utilization of high yield and good quality oil palm germplasm resources. The results are as follows:(1)Through the study of oil palm fruit growth. and oil content change can conclude:Oil palm fruit longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter and weight and oil content along with the gradual development process. Fruit longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter and weight peaked at 168 d after pollination, the transverse and longitudinal diameters are 2.94 cm and 4.19 cm respectively. The change range is maximum at 108 d to 138 d; weight is 12.73 g, the maximum variation at 68 d-108 d; oil content is 38.84%, the maximum increase at 78 d-168 d. In the course of fruit ripening, the color of the pericarp is changed from green to dark brown to light brown to black to orange red.(2)Through the change of fatty acid content in the process of oil palm fruit development can get to know: from the detected 22 kinds of fatty acids, we can see the total content of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid is kept above 90%. With the increase of fruit- maturity,the content of saturated fatty acid increased gradually, the content of unsaturated fatty acids decreased gradually.Palmitic acid and stearic acid had the largest increase in saturated fatty acids, while the oleic acid in unsaturated fatty acids decreased the most. The content of palmitic acid and stearic acid in saturated fatty acids were the lowest at 78 d after pollination,were 37.17% and 3.11%, respectively; the maximum 168 d after pollination was about 39.71% and 3.37%, respectively. The content of oleic acid in unsaturated fatty acid was 168 d after pollination, the lowest was about 32.85%, the highest 78 d after pollination,its content is 41.06%; linoleic acid was lowest at 78 d after pollination,and its content was about 19.90%, the highest 168 d after pollination, its content is 22.09%. With the increase of fruit maturity,the ratios of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids at 78 d、108 d、138 d and 168 d after pollination were about 41.83%:58.17%、43.08 %: 56.92 %、43.99 %: 56.01 and 44.72 %: 55.28 %,respectively. There were a significant negative correlation between the contents of palmitic acid and oleic acid, there were an extreme significant negative correlation between oleic acid and linoleic acid contents in the four kinds of fatty acids.(3)Through the analysis of the main quality indexes of palm oil: during the maturation of oil palm fruit, the total sterol content increased gradually, β-carotene content increased first and then decreased, the content of vitamin E increased and iodine value decline continuously. The total sterol content、β-carotene content、the content of vitamin E and iodine value were 0.37 %、500 mg/Kg、1333 mg/Kg、65g/100g and 0.41 %、653mg/Kg、2102 mg/Kg、57g/100g,respectively at 78 d and 168 d after pollination. The total sterol content increased significantly at 138 d to 168 d after pollination; β-carotene content increased significantly at 78 d to 108 d after pollination; the content of vitamin E and iodine value decreased greatly at 78 d to 138 d after pollination.Above all, fruit between 138 d and 168 d, harvested fruit fully developed, the highest oil content,unsaturated fatty acid content is higher,palm oil quality is best,the best time to harvest. Oil palm growth index and fatty acid composition and palm oil main quality index can be simplified as oil content, oleic acid and palmitic acid and vitamin E.The research results lay a foundation for oil palm germplasm resources evaluation and selection. |
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