The Relationship Between Winter-spring Habit And Growth Period In Wheat Varieties In The South Of Huanghuai Region

Some plants require low temperature conditions in order to promote flower bud formation and development,and this process is called the vernalization stage.The vernalization of wheat is one of the important factors affecting the ecological zoning of wheat planting and the related cultivation techniques.The Winter-spring habit of wheat depends on the precise regulation of its intrinsic vernalization gene and other genetic factors in the vernalization environment,So as to promote its own development from vegetative growth to reproductive growth.The winter-spring habit of wheat varieties determines the process of its own panicle differentiation and its ability to resist low temperature frost damage.It is of great practical value to study the relationship between winter-spring habit and growth period of wheat cultivars.In this paper,198 wheat varieties mainly from Huanghuai south region were identified by field identification of winter-spring habit and molecular detection,and the relationship between winter-spring habit and growth period was studied.The main findings are as follows:1.According to "Technical regulation of winter-spring habit identification in common wheat(NY/T 2644-2014)",a identification method was initially set up.In order to avoid the influence of wheat tillering characteristics in dense planting,this method was that 8 levels(0-7)of winter-spring habit were divided by the identification of sparse planting,and the identification results of winter and spring variaeties were very similar to the validation test.The subdivision of winter-spring habit will provide the basis for regional use of varieties.From the identification results,self-winter varieties were the main type in Huang-huai south region,and winter and spring type accounted for 78.28% and 21.72%,respectively.2.Dominant gene Vrn-A1 and Vrn-B3 were not found in the 198 materials,and the distribution frequencies of Vrn-D1 and Vrn-B1 were lower than those of the previous studies,which indicated that the proportion of spring cultivars in Huang-huai south region was declining.All the eight varieties with Vrn-B1 were spring wheat,and the identification results of winter-spring habit by other vernalization genes were inconsistent with that of field identification,which indicatedthat vernalization genes were not a good method to identify the winter-spring habit of wheat varieties.3.The effects of different vernalization gene costitution were similar in heading date,anthesis date and maturity date.The longest growth period was the wheat varieties with vrn-A1+vrn-B1+vrn-D1+vrn-B3,the second was those with vrn-A1+vrn-B1+Vrn-D1b+vrn-B3 and vrn-A1+vrn-B1+Vrn-D1a+vrn-B3,and no significant differences were found among the three types.The shortest growth period was the wheat varieties with vrn-A1+Vrn-B1b+vrn-D1+vrn-B3 and vrn-A1+Vrn-B1a+vrn-D1+vrn-B3 。 The influence order of vernalization genes on growth period was vrn-B1+vrn-D1>Vrn-D1b>Vrn-D1a>Vrn-B1a>Vrn-B1b。4.Significant differences were found among winter(0),self-winter(1),self-spring(5)and spring varieties(7).The growth period of winter varieties was shorted with the decline of winter characteristics,but was longer than that of spring varieties.The growth period of spring varieties was greatly shorted with the enhance of spring characteristics,but was longer than that of spring varieties.