| Purpose:Amomum villosum is Zingiberaceae Amomum,It’s a herbaceous perennial.Amomum villosum is one of the China’s four southern medicinal plants.Amomum villosum have a long history of application,It’s dry ripe fruit have the effect about resolve moisture and appetizing,warming spleen and stopping diarrha,regulate the flow of vital energy and remove obstruction toit and miscarriage prevention.Modern medicine found Amomum viloosum have the effect of Lipid-lowering,hypoglycemic,anti-oxidation and promoting the secretion of estrogen.As a traditional Chinese traditional medicine,The annual market demand of Amomum viloosum is estimated at more than 2.2 ×106 kg,But the total yield and yield of Amomum villosum are low,The reason is that Amomum villosum have e special structure with reproductive organs,there is only about 10% of the seed setting rate in the natural state and dry fruit is less than 10 kg per mu,The supply of Amomum villosum’s market is not adequate to the demand,How to improve the yield of Amomum villosum is a key problem to solve the contradiction of the market.Jinping County is located in the south of Honghe state,Yunnan Province,The ecological conditions are good and the natural climate suitable for the growth of Amomum villosum,Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanyao research collaborative innovation center had the establishment of the ecological intensification of Amomum villosum cultivation demonstration base to carry out a comprehensive study on the medicinal work of Amomum villosum.This experiment mainly through the flowering characteristics of the area of Amomum villosum and main pollinators research combination,Exploring the two aspects of the relationship in the pollination of Amomum villosum for the local Farmers with medicine to introduce a new way to reduce their poverty and increase their income.To provide a scientific basis for the production and promotion of planting Amomum villosum.Objective:Using the observation method and video tracking method to observe the flowers of Amomum villosum.Record the open numbers of single flowers in each inflorescence of the day,Open order of flowers,openning time and morphological changes in the process of opening to explore the flowers opening law and the relationship between the number of flower and inflorescence flowering of Amomum villosum.Using the Culture solution germination method to make the experiment of pollen germination of Amomum villosum,Using the MTS method to make the experiment of Stigma receptivity,Analyzing the relationship between pollen germination and stigma receptivity in one day over time to find the best time for pollination.Using the observation method and video tracking method to observe the Pollination insect of Amomum villosum,Finding the main pollination insects from the frequency of visiting flowers,Analysis it’s pollination behavior.Combined with the amount of bee carrying powder that Cell count analysis instrument clear up to make further efforts to determining the most dominant pollinator.Choose the Amomum flowers which is pollinated by Apis dorsata Fabricius,Exploring the seed setting rate under different pollination.Using the dynamic headspace adsorption method to collect the flower volatiles released from Amomum villosum,Using the GC-MS method to analysis the collected compounds to get the changes in the category and content of volatiles aroud Amomum villosum’s pollination,explore the main volatile substances that attract the pollination of the Apis dorsata Fabricius.Using the artificial pollination method to explore different pollination of sand kernels yield and main volatile changes condition.It’s will provide a scientific basis to the feasibility of artificial pollination.Results:(1)Mastered the orderliness of the Amomum villosum flowering for the area The flowering period of Amomum villosum in Yunnan Jinping County is from early May to mid June.The number of florets per inflorescence of Amomum is open1-5 flowers every day,1 of them are the most.8-13 small flowers will open in each inflorescence.The florescence of each flower usually opening one day,The florescence of the entire inflorescence lasted 8-15 d.A linear relationship between the number of small flowers and the length of the flowering period,the cloudy and rainy weather has an obvious influence on the opening of small flowers.(2)Get the relationship between the pollen germination and stigma receptivity of Amomum villosum in Yunnan Jinping County Using the pollen germination method and MTS stigma receptivity method to carry out the experiment,the results showed the best time for pollen germination of Amomum villosum is 14:00,the receptivity of the stigma is also the strongest at14:00,The stigma receptivity is similar to the pollen germination if the flowers of Amomum villosum opened in one day,they have the same fastigium to ensure the fertilization and seed setting.(3)The pollination rules of main pollination insects and the relationship with flowering characteristics were mastered Apis dorsata Fabricius and Apis cerana Fabricius are the main flower visiting insects in Jinping County.The pollination behavior of Apis dorsata Fabricius is more easier to make a success to the pollination of the Amomum villosum.The most active time of the Apis dorsata Fabricius is 11:00-12:00,The most active time of the Apis cerana Fabricius is 16:00-17:00,the frequency of Apis cerana Fabricius increased gradually,When the frequency of Apis dorsata Fabricius was decreased.(4)Finding the volatiles’ s component changes before and after the pollination of Apis dorsata Fabricius Using the GC-MS method detecte the volatile constituents of Amomum villosum flowers,analyseing and appraising 22 compounds in total,12 terpenes,6 fatty acid derivatives and 4 aromatic compounds.Before and after pollination of Amomum villosum,there is a sharp change in compound content is likely the clue to attract pollinating insects to collect powder.If we want to determine which compounds are the final compounds to attract pollinating insects,we should combined with GC-EAD to make the further screening and put the compound in the Amomum villosum planting area to make a verification of ecological function In the flowering period of Amomum villosum.(5)Compared the main pollination bees’ ability of carrying powders,making a thorough inquiry for the relationship between the ability of carrying powders and seed setting rate.The Apis dorsata Fabricius carry the most powders at noon,The average is54106.64±11084.17(n=20),It can take away the amount of pollen about 1/3 in anther once,the quantity is far more than the powdered amount of Apis cerana Fabricius(7306.56±3440.60,n=20).The seed setting rate achieve 30% every pollination of Apis dorsata Fabricius.It’s far more than 13.33% in natural state.(6)It will provide scientific basis for artificial pollination which is possible to increase production and have an influence on the quality of Amomum villosum under this circumstance of artificial pollination,The average seed setting rate of Amomum villosum is 26.23%,It’s Higher than 11.58% of natural state,There is no significant difference in the yield of volatile oil and the content of main components among seeds of Amomum villosum under artificial pollination and natural condition.Make sure that artificial pollination in the short term has no effect on quality of Amomum villosum.It can give an appropriate amount of artificial pollination to guarantee the basic economic income of the farmers with medicine when the florescence of Amomum encounter the cold weather and rain.Conclusion:In summary,The length of inflorescence is closely related to the number of florets of Amomum villosum in Yunnan Jinping County,It can be judged at which stage of the inflorescence combined with its flowering characteristics.There is a certain connection between pollen viability,stigma receptivity and insect pollination.The high frequency flower visiting behavior and strong powdered ability of Apis dorsata Fabricius make it have high pollination efficiency,In order to improve the Amomum villosum’s seed setting rate was to have enough pollination insects to visite flowers in the high acceptance period of pollen and stigma of Amomum villosum.To protect the pollination insects——Apis dorsata Fabricius is the key to solve the problem of low rate of seed setting.How to attract more Apis dorsata Fabricius to nest to increase the number of population will be the most important task.Of course,Apis dorsata Fabricius has migratory aptitude,remedies can be made by artificial pollination to ensure the basic economic income of farmers in the years of pollinating insects less or much more rainy weather.But artificial pollination has many disadvantages relative to insect pollination.Finding a way suitable for the propagation of Apis dorsata Fabricius will be an important task to promote ecological intensive planting of Amomum villosum. |
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