Effects Of Dietary Fiber Contents On Growth,Gastrointestial Development And Intestinal Microflora In Geese

This experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary fiber content on growth,gastrointestinal development and intestinal micrcoflora in geese,and based on the purified diets to investigate the effects of no crude fiber in diet on growth performance,organ index and serum biochemical parameters of geese aged from 57 to 84 days,to explore whether goose had the minium requirement for dietary crade fiber.The thesis has two experimented parts.Trial 1 Effects of dietary crude fiber contents on growth,gastrointestinal development and cecal microflora in geese aged from 1 to 42 days.A total of 384 one-day-old healthy male Yangzhou Geese were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 16 geese per replicate.Groups I,II,III and IV were fed with different crude fiber contents(2%,4%,6%and 8%),respectively.The geese were raised for 42 days.Then the metabolism experiment was carried out in 8 week.The growth performance,slaughter performance,the serum biochemical indexes,intestinal chyme pH,nutrient utilization,cecal microflora were studied,respectively.The results showed as follows:(1)Effects of dietary crude fiber content on growth performance of geese aged from 1 to 42 days:The geese in Group I had lower body weight at days 28 and 42,The geese in Group Ⅱhad lower body weight at day 42 compared with Group Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P<0.05).The geese in Group I had lower average daily feed intake during days 1～14 and 29～42,had lower average daily feed intake during days 15～28 compared with Group Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P<0.05).The geese in Group I had lower average daily gain during days 15～28 and 29～42 compared with Group Ⅲ and IV(P<0.05).The feed weght ratio had no significant difference among the groups(P>0.05).(2)Effects of dietary crude fiber content on serum biochemical indexes of geese aged 42 days:The surem total protein in Group Ⅳ was significantly increased 8.97%than GroupⅢ(P<0.05);The serum ALP content in Group Ⅳ,Group III and Group Ⅱ were significantly lower than Group Ⅰ(P<0.05);The serum LDL content in Group Ⅱ was significantly lower than Group I and Group Ⅲ(P<0.05).(3)Effects of dietary crude fiber content on intestinal length and relative length of geese aged 42 days:The intestinal length had no significant difference among the groups(P>0.05);The various intestinal segments relative length in Group Ⅳ were significant lower than Group Ⅰ(P<0.05);The relative length of duodenum in Group Ⅳ?Group Ⅲ and Group Ⅱ were significantly lower than Group Ⅰ(P<0.05).(4)Effects of dietary crude fiber content on gastrointestinal weight and relative weight of geese aged 42 days:The gizzard weight in Group Ⅳ was significantly higher than GroupⅠ(P<0.05);The cecum weight in Group Ⅲ was significantly higher than Group Ⅰ(P<0.05);The gizzard relative weight in Group Ⅳ was significantly higher than Group Ⅲ,Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅰ(P<0.05);The relative weight of duodenum in Group Ⅲ was significantly lower than Group Ⅰ(P<0.05);The relative weight of jejunum in Group Ⅳ was significantly lower than GroupⅢ(P<O.05).(5)Effects of dietary crude fiber content on duodenum morphology of geese aged from 0 to 6 weeks:The villus height in Group Ⅰ was significantly lower than the other groups at 2 weeks(P<0.05);The villus height in Group Ⅱ was significantly lower than Groups Ⅲ at 3 weeks(P<0.05);The villus height in Group Ⅱ was significantly higher than Groups Ⅲ at 4,5,6weeks(P<0.05);The crypt depth in Group IV was significantly lower than Group Ⅲ at 6weeks(P<0.05).(6)Effects of dietary crude fiber content on jejunum morphology of geese aged from 0 to 6 weeks:The crypt depth in Group Ⅳ was significantly lower than the other groups at 2 weeks(P<0.05);The villus height in Group Ⅱ was significantly higher than Group Ⅰ at 4 weeks(P<0.05);The villus height in Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ was significantly lower than the other groups at 5 weeks(P<0.05);The villus height in Group Ⅲ and GroupIV was significantly higher than the other groups at 6 weeks(P<0.05),The crypt depth in Group Ⅲ was significantly lower than the other groups at 6 weeks(P<0.05).(7)Effects of dietary crude fiber content on ileum morphology of geese aged from 0 to 6 weeks:The villus height in Group Ⅱ was significantly higher than Group Ⅰ and Group IV at 4 weeks(P<0.05);The villus height in Group Ⅲ was significantly higher than Group Ⅰ and GroupⅡ at 5 weeks(P<0.05),the villus height in Group Ⅱ was significantly higher than Group Ⅰ at 5 weeks(P<0.05),the crypt depth in Group Ⅱ,Group Ⅲ and Group Ⅳ were significantly lower than Group Ⅰ at 5 weeks(P<0.05);the villus height in Group Ⅳ was significantly higher than Group I at 6 weeks(P<0.05).(8)Effects of dietary crude fiber content on the nutrient utilization of geese aged 56 days:The energy utilization rate of geese in Group I was significantly higher than the other groups(P<0.05);The utilization rate of crude protein and crude fat in Group IV were significantly higher than the other groups(P<0.05);The utilization rate of crude fiber and t in Group Ⅳ were significantly higher than Group II and Group Ⅲ(P<0.05).(9)Effects of dietary crude fiber content on the cecal microflora of geese aged 42 days:The Chao index and Ace index in Group I and Group III were significantly lower than Group II and Group IV(P<0.05);The Shannon index in Group I was significantly higher than Group III(P<0.05);The Simpson index in Group I was significantly lower than Group III(P<0.05);The relative abundance of the Proteobacteria in Group I was significantly lower than the other groups(P<0.05);The relative abundance of the Bacteroides in Group I was significantly lower than the other groups(P<0.05).Trial 2:Effects of no crude fiber in diet on growth performance,organ index and serum biochemical parameters of geese aged from 57 to 84 days20 fifty-six-day-age healthy male geese with similar body weight were selected from trial 1(Group III)and divided into 2 groups,and 10 geese per group.The experimental group was fed with a dietary crude fiber level of 0%,the control group was fed a basal diet with crude fiber level of 6%.The experiment lasted for 28 days.Compared with the control group,the results showed as follows:(1)Effects of no crude fiber in diet on growth performance:The experimental group significantly decreased the body weigt of geese aged 84 days(P<0.05),decreased the average daily gain(ADG)aged from 57 to 84 days(P<0.05),increased the ratio of feed to gain(F/G)aged from 57 to 84 days(P<0.05).(2)Effects of no crude fiber in diet on organ index aged 84 days:The experimental group significantly decreased the gizzard index of 57-to-84-day-age geese(P<0.05).(3)Effects of no crude fiber in diet on serum biochemical parameters aged 84:.Serum amylase was significantly decreased in experimental group(P<0.05).(4)Effects of no crude fiber in diet on the cecal:microflora of geese aged 84 days:The number of OTU,The Chao index and Ace index,The relative abundance of Bacteroides and Paraprevotella in the control group was significantly higher than the experimental group(P<0.05),To sum up,dietary crude fiber content can significantly affect the growth of geese,and the low fiber diet content or no crude fiber in diet is not conducive to the growth and development of geese and the stability of intestinal microbial flora structure.There is a minimum requirement for crude fiber content during the growth of geese,the dietary crude fiber content of geese could not less than 4%aged from 1 to 28 days,and could not less than 6%after 28 days.