Effects Of Tillage Modes In Winter Fallow Period On Soil Microenviroment,Physiological Characteristics,Pod Yield And Quality Of Continuous Cropping Peanut

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of tillage modes in winter fallow period on soil microenvironment,physiological Characteristics,pod yield and quality of continuous cropping peanut in single cropping system.The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Experiment Station of Shandong Agricultural University and the State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology from 2016 to 2017.The large peanut variety Shanhua 108 was used as test materials and the conventional planting method,planting peanut after non tillage in winter fallow period(non tillage of winter fallow in open filed,MGLD)was taken as the control group.Five different cultivation modes,including mulching planted peanut after no tillage in winter fallow period(non tillage of winter fallow in film mulching,MGFM),planting peanut after plowing tillage in winter fallow period(plowing tillage winter fallow in open filed,FGLD),mulching planted peanut after plowing tillage in winter fallow period(plowing tillage winter fallow in film mulching,FGFM),planting peanut after previous crop wheat as green manure straw to the field(green manure winter fallow in open filed,YQLD),mulching planted peanut after previous crop wheat as green manure straw to the field(green manure winter fallow in film mulching,YQFM)were designed.The main results were as follows:1.Effects of tillage modes in winter fallow period on soil Physicochemical Properties and MicroenvironmentFilm mulching,green manure and plowing tillage of winter fallow can reduce the soil bulk density of 0~20 cm soil layers in continuous cropping peanuts,increase soil porosity and improve soil physical properties;at the same time,increase the number of beneficial bacteria and actinomycetes,and reduce the number of harmful fungal.Which can also improve microbial community structure,increase soil enzyme activity such as invertase,urease,etc.,and then promote the transformation and release of mineral nutrients in the soil,increase the content of organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium in the soil.Thus this facilitates the absorption and accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium of nutrients by peanut plants.Among them,the treatment of YQFM is optimal.2.Effects of tillage modes in winter fallow period on Physiological characteristicsIn the same tillage mode,the film mulching promoted the vegetative growth of peanut in the early growth period,and increased the root activity and leaf pigment content of the whole growth period,which was conducive to the promotion of the net photosynthetic rate,the increase of the antioxidant enzyme activity of leaves,and the delay of leaf senescence.Regardless of whether the film mulching or not,green manure and plowing tillage of winter fallow increased the height of the main stem and lateral branches of the whole growth period compared with no plowing of winter fallow,which alleviated the problem of malnutrition of continuous cropping peanuts to a certain extent;and increased the root activity,leaf pigment content and net photosynthetic rate of continuous cropping peanuts after pod setting stage.This can improve the photosynthetic performance of leaves,enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes,weakened membrane lipid peroxidation,and delayed the senescence of leaf physiological functions.Among the six kinds of tillage methods,the other five tillage methods can improve soil physical and chemical properties and micro-environment,compared with MGLD treatment,and the treatment with YQFM is optimal.3.Effects of tillage modes in winter fallow period on pod yield and qualityIn the same tillage method,the treatment of the film mulching significantly increased the pod yield and the yield of by increasing the number of individual plants,the rate of kernel and the single fruit weight,compared with open field treatment.The pod yield of YQFM,FGFM and MGFM treatment were increased by 5.11%,6.77%,3.70%,compared with YQLD,FGLD and MGLD treatment.Compared with MGFM treatment,YQFM and FGFM treatment significantly increased values of by pod yield.Especially,pod yield increased by 14.83%,8.30%,respectively.Compared with MGLD treatment,the pod yield under YQLD and FGLD treatment significantly increased by 13.30%,5.18%,respectively.The main reasons for the increase in yield were the increase in the number of fruit per plant and fruit weight(lower kilograms).Among the six kinds of tillage methods,the other five tillage methods can improve pod yield and kernel yield of continuous crooping peanut,compared with MGLD treatment,the greatest increase in yield was achieved by YQFM.The tillage in winter fallow significantly affects the kernel quality of continuous cropping peanut.In the same tillage method,the treatment of the film mulching significantly increased the protein content of peanut kernels and decreased the soluble sugar content,but had no significant effect on the crude fat content.Regardless of whether the film is covered or not,green manure and plowing tillage of winter fallow can increase the crude fat and protein content of peanut kernels,reduce the soluble sugar content,and promote the conversion of sugar to fat and protein.In addition,the O/L value of peanut kernels can be significantly improved by film mulching,wintertime green manure and plowing tillage.From the perspective of comprehensive six tillage methods,the YQFM treatment has the best effect on improving the quality of peanut kernel.