Study On The Occurrence Rules And Control Measures Of Diseases And Pests In Kongtong District,Pingliang City

Crop pests and diseases is a common phenomenon in the process of crop production.The prevention and control of crop pests and diseases is based on farmers.Under the scientific management and guidance of the government,it adopts the principle of "prevention and comprehensive prevention and control".Make use of advanced detection,technology,prevention and control equipment and methods.A method of controlling crop pests and diseases.The prevention and control of crop pests and diseases is the basic work of plant protection and agricultural production.Due to some objective reasons and the imperfect defense system,resulting in the lack of professional technicians,crop safety problems have caused adverse effects on the sustainable development of agriculture.Papers to Kongtong District main crops(including wheat,Maize and potato)plant diseases and insect pests in 2012-2016 as the research object,adopt the method of field investigation and data analysis of plant diseases and insect pests occurrence regularity and its relationship with climate change are analyzed,and get the following results:1.From 2012 to 2016,the main crops in Kongtong District were wheat,Maize and potatoes,accounting for 72.5 % of the total crop sowing area.The local planting structure affected the changes and trends of the main local pests and diseases.Among them,wheat pests and diseases account for more than 75 % of the total planting area each year,Maize pests and diseases account for 87.6 % of the total planting area,and potato pests and diseases account for 85.7 % of the total planting area.2.The wheat pests and diseases mainly include: wheat Stripe Rust,wheat white powder disease,wheat aphids,and wheat red spiders.The occurrence of insect pests and diseases each year is mainly affected by the wheat varieties,winter bases,climate,sowing period,and altitude of the year.The influence of factors such as height.Whenplanting high-sensitivity disease varieties,local overwintering and foreign invasive bacteria sources are sufficient,the temperature gradually increases,precipitation and rainy days increase significantly,and early sowing in the plateau area,it will lead to the re-occurrence of wheat pests and diseases.The extreme high temperature and drought weather have an inhibitory effect on the summer of wheat Stripe rust.The average temperature in May and June has a significant negative correlation with the area incidence of the disease(P<0.05)There was a significant positive correlation between the average temperature in July and August and the area incidence of the disease(P<0.05).There is a very significant positive correlation between the average temperature in November and the incidence of wheat pests(P<0.01).The control strategy can be mainly used for crop rotation and drug control,and spray control can be carried out through drug mixing and specialized control and control organizations.3.Maize pests and diseases mainly include: maize macular disease,maize rust,maize tumor smut,Maize slime,Maize aphid,maize virus disease.Each year,the occurrence of maize pests and diseases is mainly affected by precipitation and temperature,and the prevention and treatment of maize diseases and insect pests are mainly controlled by potion and pollution-free control technology.When planting high-sensitivity varieties,local overwintering and foreign invasive bacteria sources are sufficient,the temperature gradually increases,and precipitation and rainy days increase significantly,it will lead to the re-occurrence of Maize pests and diseases.The average temperature in October affected the incidence of Maize pests and had a significant positive correlation(P<0.05).The prevention and control of Maize pests and diseases mainly use pharmaceutical and pollution-free prevention and control techniques,including crop rotation,drug control,etc.,through drug mixing and specialized control and control organizations to carry out spray prevention and control.4.Potato pests and diseases mainly include potato early epidemic,potato late epidemic,potato ring rot disease,potato virus disease,28 star ladybugs,aphids and underground pests,etc..According to the investigation,it was found that the main cause of potato disease was field fungus residue.Large amount.July average temperature has a significant positive correlation with the incidence of potato diseases(P<0.05).The prevention and control of potato pests and diseases mainly includes the selection of corresponding disease-resistant varieties,the rational treatment of seed potatoes,the development of miniature potato production andsowing techniques,and the strengthening of chemical emergency prevention and control.As a whole,more precipitation on the occurrence of pests and diseases greatly promote the role.It is found that the average temperature and precipitation of each month have a certain correlation with the occurrence of pests and diseases.The prevention and control of all kinds of insect pests and diseases in three crops should be combined with specialized control and control,selection of crop seeds,chemical control and biological control.The control of potato diseases can also be combined with the treatment of seed potatoes,the development of miniature potato production and sowing technology.