Evaluation Of Soil Health In 'hanfu' Apple Orchard In The Liaohe River Basin(Liaoning Section)

The Liaohe River is one of the seven major rivers in China and is the mother river in Liaoning.The middle and lower reaches of the river basin are important fruit and vegetable production bases.The Hanfu apple is one of the major apple varieties in the Liaohe River Basin and plays a crucial role in the development of the apple industry in Liaoning.At the same time,the area is also a traditional heavy industry area in China.With the development of industry,the soil health in the area is also seriously jeopardized.In this study,the Liaoning section of the Liaohe River Basin is taken as the sampling area.In 2016,the typical production areas of Hanfu apple in ten cities were selected for investigation in the surrounding areas of the Liaohe River Basin to find out the basic conditions of the orchard and soil management status,and evaluate soil health according to the The nutrient grading standards given by the National Soil Survey Technical Regulations(GB17296)and China's Soil Environmental Quality Standards(GB15618-1995)and provide basis for fruit quality and safety in Liaoning Province.The main findings are as follows:(1)Among the 103 orchards sampled,the average pH of the orchard soil was 6.55,which was generally neutral soil and in accordance with the optimum value of apple tree growth;effective phosphorus(29.67 mg/kg)and effective potassium(146.94 mg/kg).The average content of available boron(0.70mg/kg)in soil is the normal standard as a whole;the average content of soil available manganese(22.81mg/kg),effective zinc(7.57mg/kg)and effective iron(29.71mg/kg),it is a rich standard;the average content of soil organic matter(1.39%),total nitrogen(0.97 g/kg),and alkaline dissolved nitrogen(88.58 mg/kg)is overall lacking.(2)From the point of view of pollution in all sampling areas,all sampling orchards belong to light pollution,and the main pollutants causing pollution are heavy metal cadmium and mercury.According to the location of sampling orchards,it is divided into five regions: east,west,south,north,and middle: The average pollution index in the eastern region is 1.53,the average pollution index in the western region is 1.09,and the pollution index in the southern region is 0.44.The pollution index was 0.19,and the average pollution index in the central region was 0.30.Overall,the average pollution index in the east is> West> South> Central> North.From a single city point of view,the highest comprehensive pollution index in Huludao area is 2.85,which is moderately polluted,with mercury and cadmium pollution being more prominent.Fushun's comprehensive pollution index is 1.53,which is mildly polluted.The heavy metal content in other cities is in accordance with the national standard.3)The overall health degree of the orchard soil in the sampling area is lower than the middle level.The health index in the eastern region is 0.063,the health index in the western region is 0.018,the soil health index in the central region is 0.051,the soil health index in the southern region is 0.031,and the soil health index in the north is 0.044;the soil health status of orchards in the central and eastern regions is higher than the soil health status of orchards in the western region;the average soil health level in the Liao River Basin is 0.041,which is generally lower than the middle level,36.8% of orchard soil health is in low level,44.6% is a moderate level,only 18.6 % is higher than the high level;for a single area,the higher level of orchards is mainly distributed in the central region of Liaoning,especially in Shenyang as the core,radiation surrounding areas such as Liaoyang,Fushun,Anshan and other regions.