The Comparison Of Protective Effect Of The American Ginseng And Processing American Ginseng On Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury In Rats

Cardiovascular disease is one of the world’s highest morbidity and mortality disease.During the Clinical treatment process,when ischemic Myocardial tissue recover perfusion,causing Myocardial cell and local vascular network has significant pathophysiological changes,these changes can lead to further tissue damage,namely Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion Injury(MIRI).American Ginseng(Panaxquinquefolium L)belongs to the Panax genus under Araliceae family,also called American ginseng,originating in the United States and Canada,and current many areas in china has been widely cultivated.Many studies indicate that American ginseng has many pharmacological effects such as playing the role of anti-myocardial ischemia,lowing blood lipids,and anti-hemorrhagic shock.In order to improve the cold property of American ginseng and enhance its pharmacological activity at the same time.We will mix American ginseng with ginger juice and water in accordance with the proportion,of which can also be used for reducing the side effects of the American ginseng and improve its pharmaceutical effects.In this paper,through establishing the model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats to observe the heart function,blood rheology,myocardial enzyme activity,resistance to oxidative stress,myocardial infarct size,histopathological change and related indicators to compare the protective effects of American ginseng and Processing American ginseng on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats and to explore the possible mechanism.Methods: Taking healthy female Wistar rats weighed 220-250 g,they are divided into sham group and model group,American ginseng 0.5,1.0,2.0g/kg dose groups,Processing American ginseng 0.5,1.0,2.0g/kg dose groups in random.After intragastric administration for 30 d.Ligate the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min,reperfusion for 120 min to establish MIRI model.Test hemodynamic parameters after reperfusing for 120 min,observe changes of HR,SBP,DBP,MAP,LVSP,LVEDP,+dp/dtmax,-dp/dtmax,plasma viscosity,platelet adhesion and platelet aggregation.Changes serum myocardial enzyme,aspartate aminotransferase(AST),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)creatine kinase(CK)and superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)content;and examine the myocardial infarct size and the pathological change of myocardial tissue to observe Myocardial injury and the protective effects.Results:1.Compared with sham group,the SBP,DBP,MAP of model group were significantly reduced(P<0.05 or P<0.01),HR has no obvious change(P>0.05);Compared with model group,Processing American ginseng 1.0,2.0 g/kg obviously improve SBP,DBP,MAP(P<0.05 or P< 0.01),American ginseng 0.5,1.0,2.0g/kg and the Processing American ginseng 0.5g/kg had no significant effect on SBP,DBP,MAP(P>0.05),American ginseng and Processing American ginseng each dose group had no significant effects on HR(P>0.05).2.Compared with sham group,the LVSP,±dp/dtmax of model group were significantly decreased,LVEDP increased significantly(P<0.01);Compared with model group,American ginseng 2.0g/kg and Processing American ginseng 0.5,1.0,2.0g/kg can markedly increase LVSP,±dp/dtmax,reduce LVEDP(P<0.05 or P<0.01),American ginseng 0.5,1.0g/kg had no significant effect on LVSP,LVEDP,±dp/dtmax(P>0.05).3.Compared with sham group,the platelet adhesion rate of model group rats were significantly improved(P<0.01);Compared with model group,American ginseng 1.0,2.0g/kg and Processing American ginseng 0.5,1.0,2.0g/kg can significantly reduce platelet adhesion rate(P<0.01 or P<0.001),American ginseng 0.5 g/kg had no obvious effect on platelet adhesion rate(P>0.05).4.Compared with sham group,the 1min,3min,5min of platelet aggregation rate and maximum aggregation rate of model group were significantly increased(P<0.01);Compared with model group,American ginseng 1.0,2.0g/kg and Processing American ginseng 0.5,1.0,2.0g/kg can significantly reduce the platelet aggregation rate(P<0.05 or P<0.01),American ginseng 0.5g/kg had no obvious effect on 1min,3min,5min of rats platelet aggregation rate and maximum aggregation rate(P>0.05).5.Compared with sham group,the whole blood viscosity at 20/s,60/s,120/s and plasma viscosity at 120/s of model group were increased significantly(P<0.01);Compared with model group,American ginseng 1.0,2.0g/kg and the Processing American ginseng 1.0,2.0 g/kg can significantly decrease the whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity in rats(P<0.05 or P<0.01),American ginseng 0.5 g/kg and the Processing American ginseng 0.5 g/kg had no obvious effect on whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity(P>0.05).6.Compared with sham group,the activity of serum myocardial enzyme AST,CK,LDH of model group were significantly increased(P<0.001);Compared with model group,American ginseng 1.0,2.0 g/kg and Processing American ginseng 0.5,1.0,2.0g/kg can significantly reduce the activity of myocardial enzyme AST,CK,LDH(P<0.05 or P<0.01),American ginseng 0.5 g/kg had no obvious effect on the activity of serum myocardial enzyme AST,CK,LDH(P>0.05).7.Compared with sham group,the content of MDA significantly increased and the activity of SOD and GSH-Px were significantly decreased in model group(P<0.01 or P<0.001);Compared with model group,American ginseng 0.5,1.0,2.0 g/kg and Processing American ginseng 0.5,1.0,2.0 g/kg can significantly reduce the content of serum MDA and increase the activity of SOD and GSH-Px(P<0.05 and P<0.001).8.Compared with sham group,model group had obvious ischemia and myocardial infarct size in rats(P<0.01);Compared with model group,each dose of American ginseng and the Processing American ginseng could significantly reduce the myocardial infarct size(P<0.05 or P<0.01).9.Compared with sham group,model group can be obviously observed the myocardial cells disordered arrangement,size is differ,myocardial cell cytoplasm uneven dyeing depth,swelling in the myocardial fibrosis,interstitial edema,a leakage of red blood cells,neutrophil infiltration and other pathological damage;Compared with model group,American ginseng and Processing American ginseng every dose group can reduce the different level of myocardial tissue pathological damage.Conclusion:(1)American ginseng high dose group and the Processing American ginseng three dose groups can significantly improve the myocardial diastolic function in MIRI rats,increasing LVSP,±dp/dtmax,reducing LVEDP;At the same time,medium and high dose group of Processing American ginseng can significantly improve SBP,DBP,MAP,but Processing American ginseng low-dose group and American ginseng three dose groups had no significant effect on SBP,DBP,MAP.(2)American ginseng high-dose group and the three dose groups of Processing American ginseng can significantly reduce blood viscosity,platelet aggregation and adhesion in MIRI rats,but American ginseng low-dose group had no obvious effect on the above indexes.(3)American ginseng high-dose group and Processing American ginseng three dose groups can significantly reduce the activity of serum myocardial enzyme AST,CK,LDH in MIRI rats.American ginseng small dose group had no obvious effect on the above indexes.(4)American ginseng and Processing American ginseng every dose group can significantly reduce the content of serum MDA and increase the activity of SOD and GSH-Px in MIRI rats.(5)American ginseng and Processing American ginseng every dose group can significantly reduce the myocardial infarct size and histopathological injury in MIRI rats.Overall,each doses of American ginseng and Processing American ginseng could play a protective effect on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats via reducing myocardial infarct size,decreasing the activity of myocardial enzymes and reducing the amounts of free radicals,improving hemorheology.The mechanism may be related to the enhancement of the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes,the elimination of oxygen free radicals,and reduce the damage of free radicals in myocardial cells.The protective effect of Processing American ginseng for each dose group was better than that of American ginseng,but there was no significant difference between the two groups.