| Phellodendri amurensis cortex,known as "Guan Huang Bai"(GHB)in Chinese,which derived from the dried bark of of Phellodendron amurense Rupr,are mainly distributed in the northeastern region of China.In recent years,it has been found that except the traditional efficacy of dissipating heat,detoxifying and eliminating inflammation;GHB has a variety of pharmacological effects,such as antioxidant,hypoglycemic,anti-tumor,induced specific immune tolerance,neuroprotection and so on.Phytochemical summaries in large literature have shown that different types of chemical constituents are isolated from GHB,including alkaloids,phenolics,limonoids and even more,among which alkaloids have been studied the most frequently.However,few studies have been carried out on the basis of stimultaneus analysis of multi-components.The GHB are widely distributed in China;acoordingly,there are differences in the types of chemical compostion among various localities.Nevertheless,there were few research reports on whether the differences were regional and environmental factors leading to the difference.(1)In this paper,HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS method for the determination of 10 chemical constituents of GHB was taken.The detection consisted of phenolic acids:3-O-feruloylquinic acid,4-O-feruloylquinic acid,and syringin;alkaloids:magnoflorine,phellodendrine,jatrorrhizine,palmatine,and berberine;limonoids:obaculactone and obacunone.The optimized method provided good linearity,satisfactory precision,good repeatability,good stability and good recovery.In addition,the developed method was successfully applied to simultaneous determination of the content of ten chemical compostions of GHB.(2)A total of 416 samples collected from 30 sample plots were determined by this method in this study,and then data analysis was performed with SPSS 21.0.All the samples were obviously divided into five chemical types.The chemical type ? were mainly distributed in Heilongjiang province and part of Jilin province,the chemical type ? were mainly distributed in Heilongjiang province and part of Beijing,the chemical type ? were all distributed in Liaoning province,the chemical type ? were mainly distributed in Liaoning province and Beijing,the chemical type ? were mainly distributed in Liaoning province and Jilin province.4-O-feruloylquinic acid,magnoflorine,berberine and obaculactone are the four principal constituents which lead to regional differences.(3)Climatic factor is an important factor that causes the chemical composition differences in plants.In this paper,study on the correlation between 10 chemical compositions of 427 GHB samples and the 15 climatic factors was carried out.Grey correlation analysis indicated that there is strong correlation among climatic factors including temperature,latitude,humidity,annual precipitation and growth days.Seven climatic factors exerting greater impact on the chemical constituents of GHB are further screened,through sequencing to study their influence direction and extent.The results showed that 3-O-feruloylquinic acid and berberine were mainly positively affected by annual precipitation,growth days,the average temperature in July,and negatively affected by the latitude;4-O-ferulylquinic acid,phellodendrine,and jatrorrhizine were mainly positively affected by the growth days,and negatively affected by the latitude;syringin was mainly positively affected by latitude,and negatively affected by the growth days;magnoflorine was mainly negtively affected by the latitude,and negatively affected by the average temperature in July,and positively affected by the active accumulated temperature no more than 10?,humidity,frost-free period and growth days;palmatine and obacunone were mainly positively affected by latitude,and negatively affected by the humidity and growth days;obaculactone was affected by active accumulated temperature no more than 10°C,humidity,frost-free period,growth days,annual precipitation and average temperature in July,however,the influence direction is not that obvious.(4)The soil factor also exerts an important effect on the content of chemical composition of GHB.Study on the correlation between the 10 chemical compositions of 412 GHB samples and the 14 soil factors was carried out in this paper.Correlation between each soil factor and chemical constituent was calculated through grey correlation analysis,which indicated that there is significant correlation between soil salinit and soil fertility factors.Eight major soil factors were further screened by sequencing to study the direction and extent of their influence exerted on chemical compositions.The results showed that 3-O-feruloylquinic acid,4-O-feruloylquinic acid,phellodendrine,jatrorrhizine,palmatine,and berberine were mainly negatively affected by available phosphorus,available potassium,available manganese and soil salinity;magnoflorine was mainly positively affected by soil organic matters,and negatively affected by vailable phosphorus,available potassium,available manganese and soil salinity;syringin and obacunone were mainly positively affected by cation exchange capacity,available phosphorus,available potassium,available manganese and soil salinity,and negatively affected by the soil organic matters and available copper;obaculactone was mainly positively affected by soil organic matters,available nitrogen and available copper,and negative affected by available potassium and cation exchange capacity.(5)In this paper,characteristics of inorganic elements in GHB collected from 30 sample plots and the relationship between the inorganic elements of GHB as well as the related elements in the soil were studied.The results showed that contents of Ca and Zn were higher in GHB,while that of Na,Mg,P,S,K,Mn and Fe were lower.There is antagonistic in the accumulation of Ca and Mg,Fe and Na,and Fe and S.The contents of nine inorganic elements,namely,Na,Mg,P,S,K,Ca,Mn,Fe and Zn in the GHB were maintained at a stable level and will not fluctuate with the change of inorganic elements in the soil(P>0.05). |
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