Nutritional Status And Intellectual Development Of School-aged Children In Rural Areas Of Hebei Province

Objective: To understand the nutritional status and intellectual development of school-aged children in rural areas of Hebei province,to explore the relevant factors of intellectual development of school-aged children.Method: A random sampling method was used to collect three whole-day boarding schools in Xingtang County,Shijiazhuang,Hebei Province,which was identified as the research site.The students of grade 2~6 were selected as the subjects.The project includes questionnaire survey,dietary survey,physical measurement,intelligence test,blood biochemical indicators,vitamin levels and other tests.Results:1 The basic characteristics of the sampleA total of 894 school-aged children participants in the survey of three schools,795 students finished the survey including 376 boys and 419 girls,the completion rate of 88.93%.According to the survey,children are generally maternal care,but there is a certain proportion of left-behind children.The annual per capita income level of the family is less than 5,000 yuan,accounting for 84.40%;parents are mainly junior high school education.2 Dietary status of children in schoolThe intake of potato,cereals,eggs,fats and vegetables is nearly the recommended amount,but the intake of meat is insufficient,beans and bean products,nuts,milk and milk products intake is very small,almost no intake of fish and shrimp,and salt intake too much;average per person intake thiamine,nicotinamide,ascorbic acid and iron daily is nearly the recommended amount,but the intake of protein is insufficient,and retinol,riboflavin,calcium intake was significantly insufficient.3 Physical development levelsAmong the surveyed,there were 22 students with growth retardation.The growth retardation rate was 2.77%.The rates of boys and girls were 3.19% and 2.39%,and there was no significant difference.The weight loss rate was 2.52%.The rates of boys and girls were 3.19% and 1.90%,and there was no significant difference.There were 119 students with overweight.The overweight rate was 14.97%.The rates of boys and girls were 11.17% and 18.38%,girls overweight situation is more serious than boys and had a significant difference.There were 61 students with central obesity.The total obesity rate was 7.67%.The rates of boys and girls were 7.71% and 7.64%,and there was no statistically significant difference.There were 96 students with central obesity.The total central obesity rate was 12.08%.The rates of boys and girls were 9.04% and 14.80%,and the difference was statistically significant.4 Intellectual development levelsThe proportion of average intelligence test score of excellent,good,medium,low and poor grades was 3.32%,29.91%,47.25%,15.17% and 4.34% respectively.The average intelligence level of boys was higher than girls,but the difference was not statistically significant.The results of repeated measurements in 2016 were not statistically different from those in 2015.5 Serum biochemical indexes and related diseasesThe average level of hemoglobin(Hb)concentration was 142.94±11.87 g/L,the prevalence of total anemia was 2.86%.The rates of boys and girls were 2.45% and 3.23%,and there was no significant difference.The average level of albumin(ALB)concentration was 47.00±2.33 g/L.The average levels of boys and girls were 46.75±2.31 g/L and 47.22±2.32 g/L,and the difference was statistically significant.This survey did not find children with low serum albumin levels.The average level of total protein(TP)concentration was 72.63±4.87 g/L.The average levels of boys and girls were 72.18±5.00 g/L and 73.00±4.73 g/L,and the difference was statistically significant.The average level of triglyceride(TG)concentration was 0.68±0.41 mmol/L.The average levels of boys and girls were 0.64±0.41 mmol/L and 0.71±0.42 mmol/L,and the difference was statistically significant.Survey found that sixteen children with high triglyceride levels,nearly 2.80%.The average level of total cholesterol(TC)concentration was 3.74±0.73 mmol/L.The average levels of boys and girls were 3.67±0.62 mmol/L and 3.80±0.80 mmol/L,and there was no significant difference.And the survey found that fourteen children with high cholesterol levels,nearly 2.36%.The average level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)concentration was 1.97±0.55 mmol/L.The average levels of boys and girls were 1.92±0.51 mmol/L and 2.02±0.59 mmol/L,and the difference was statistically significant.Survey found that six children with high low-density lipoprotein levels,nearly 1.01%.The average level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)concentration was 1.47±0.33 mmol/L,The average levels of boys and girls were 1.50±0.38 mmol/L and 1.45±0.29 mmol/L,and there was no significant difference.The survey found that thirty children with low density lipoprotein levels,nearly 5.05%.The average level of serum uric acid(SUA)concentration was 292.67±67.95 μmol/L.The average levels of boys and girls were 290.13±67.27 μmol/L and 294.73±68.53 μmol/L,and there was no significant difference.The survey found that thirty-one children with high uric acid levels,nearly 5.20%.The average level of serum ferritin(SF)concentration was 36.06±16.75 μg/L.The average levels of boys and girls were 35.32±16.82 μg/L and 36.66±16.71 μg/L,and there was no significant difference.The survey found that twenty-two children with iron deficiency,nearly 3.71%.The average level of apolipoprotein A concentration was 1.57±0.36 g/L.The average levels of boys and girls were 1.58±0.36 g/L and 1.56±0.37 g/L,and there was no significant difference.The survey found that high apolipoprotein A levels and low apolipoprotein A levels were nearly 11.99% and 1.86%.The average level of apolipoprotein B concentration was 0.60±0.20 g/L.The average levels of boys and girls were 0.56±0.19 g/L and 0.61±0.19 g/L,and the difference was statistically significant.The survey found that high apolipoprotein B levels and low apolipoprotein B levels were nearly 2.84% and 10.18%.6 Serum vitamin levelThe average level of serum vitamin A concentration was 0.74±0.27 μmol/L.The average levels of boys and girls were 0.72±0.25 μmol/L and 0.75±0.28 μmol/L,there was no significant difference.The survey found that VAD and SVAD children were 356 and 335,nearly 46.54% and 43.79% respectively.The average level of serum 25(OH)D3 concentration was 45.57±18.27 nmol/L.The average levels of boys and girls were 45.79±16.36 nmol/L and 45.31±20.32 nmol/L,and there was no significant difference.The children of vitamin D level in deficiency,insufficient,normal and sufficient were 63,419,196 and 42,accounting for total number is 8.75%,58.19%,27.22% and 5.83%.The average level of serum vitamin B1 concentration was 58.53±41.44 nmol/L.The average levels of boys and girls were 56.52±32.86 nmol/L and 60.43±48.56 nmol/L,and the difference was statistically significant.The average level of serum vitamin B2 was 0.68±0.46 nmol/L.The average levels of boys and girls were 0.65±0.40 nmol/L and 0.69±0.51 nmol/L.The average level of nicotinamide concentration was 6.27±4.22 ng/mL.The average levels of boys and girls were 6.11±3.93 ng/L and 6.38±4.40 ng/L,and there was no significant difference.7 The relationship between intellectual development and vitamin level in school-aged childrenIn this study,we investigated the fators that affect non-verbal intelligence of school-aged children,which found that serum vitamin D level and intelligence was positively correlated,and serum vitamin A,vitamin B1,vitamin B2,nicotinamide and intelligence levels were not correlated after excluding confounding factors.Conclusion:1 There were still some nutritional problems of the school-aged children in the rural area of Hebei Province,such as the unreasonable diet structure and the insufficient intake of micronutrients.2 The physical development of school-aged children in rural areas of Hebei province is good,but the problem of overweight and obesity should not be ignored.3 The results of serum biochemical indicators of school-aged children in rural areas of Hebei province were good,but some children’s nutritional deficiencies still need attention.4 The intellectual development level of school-aged children in rural areas of Hebei Province is relatively good.There was a positive correlation between intellectual development and serum vitamin D level in school-aged children,and other vitamin levels were not found to be related to intelligence level.