Study On The Influence Of Sulfur Fumigation On The Quality Of Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz.

Traditionally,Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.(AMK)was post-harvest handled in two different ways,by direct sun drying or low-temperature drying,to obtain the dried root.However,these methods are time-consuming and show low efficiency.In recent decades,sulfur fumigation has been widely applied to post-harvest handling of some medicinal herbs to preserve their color and freshness,maintain their moisture,and protect them from insects and molds.The profit associated with sulfur-fumigated herbs and the lack of laws and regulations to evaluate the quality of different processing methods contribute to serious abuse and excessive fumigation,so that patients are prone to ocular and nasal mucosa irritation symptoms,in addition to vomiting,nausea,and other gastrointestinal reactions.Recently,excessive sulfur fumigation is widespread,seriously affecting the quality of Chinese herbal pieces.It has attached the country great importance to the relevant departments.At present,the state has introduced relevant measures to control the sulfur fumigated Chinese herbal medicine,but the prosecution is still to be improved.In this paper,AMK was taken as an example to establish fingerprint of the water and alcohol extraction layer.On this basis,the chemical composition of AMK before and after sulfur fumigation was analyzed by LC-MS/MS,revealing that sulfur fumigation do influence the quality of AMK.Eight sulfur-containing/dehydrated-integrated atractylenolides that evolved from the NF-AMK were screened out as potential characteristic chemical markers to examine the post-harvest handling procedures of commercial AMK with excessive sulfur fumigation and maintain consistent quality.The contents lactone,polysaccharide and monosaccharide in AMK were measured.At the same time,the effect of sulfur fumigation on salivary amylase and D-xylose excretion rate activity was evaluated.It found that sulfur fumigation could significantly affect the overall quality of AMK.This paper is to find and establish more scientific evaluation methods,laying a good foundation to realize safe,effective,stable and controllable quality of AMK and providing scientific basis for the revision,the prosecution standard of sulfur fumigated AMK,which provides a new way to research standardization process for medicinal materials.This paper mainly includes the following 5 parts:1.Literature researchResearch progress on processing status of chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of AMK were reviewed.Sulfur fumigation leads to the change of chemical constituents and content of different medicines.In addition,multiple prosecution method of sulfur fumigated medicine was systematically reviewed and evaluated.On the basis of the application of modern analytical technology,the effect of sulfur fumigation on the overall quality of medicinal materials must be strengthened.2.Study on the fingerprint of different polarity layers of AMKThe HPLC fingerprints of different polar layers(water layer and alcohol layer)of AMK were established,which is of great significance for the comprehensive control of the quality of AMK and to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the drug.The HPLC fingerprint of alcohol-extraction layer has 6 peaks;on this basis,the water layer is studied in depth.The established characteristic spectrum of AMK of water extraction layer has 24 common peaks.The two fingerprints are contrast map similarity evaluation fitting.The results are both greater than 0.90.Thus,the established HPLC fingerprints can effectively identify AMK and provide a reference for the quality control.3.Qualitative comparison of AMK before and after sulfur fumigationOn the basis of the experimental study and literature research,the chemical composition of the effective parts of AMK was studied systematically.Firstly,the effect of sulfur fumigation on the components of AMK was revealed by UFLC-QTOF-MS chemical profile characterization.In the positive and negative ion mode,59 compounds were identified from the detected 80 peaks,which were mainly composed of terpenoids,propargyl alcohols,organic acids and flavonoids.Using chemical profile characterization coupled with the multivariate statistical analysis,it found that the variation of sulfur fumigation markers and semi-quantitative characteristics of sulfur and its derivatives with dehydration lactones potential features in AMK.52 components were detected from non-fumigated AMK(NF-AMK)and 28 components were newly produced after sulfur fumigation,out of which 59 major peaks were identified.The concentrations of 20 compounds significantly decreased and 37 compounds obviously increased.The potential structural transformation mechanism of terpenoids was explored to illustrate the correlation of the components contents before and after sulfur fumigation.Eight sulfur-containing/dehydrated-integrated atractylenolides that evolved from the NF-AMK were screened out as potential characteristic chemical markers to examine the post-harvest handling procedures of commercial AMK with excessive sulfur fumigation and maintain consistent quality.4.The effect of sulfur fumigation on the contents of organic active components in AMKPolysaccharide and low molecular monosaccharide(D-fructose,D-glucose and sucrose)content of AMK from different locations before and after sulfur fumigation were compared.It showed that monosaccharides in sulfur-fumigated AMK significantly decreased.Different temperature drying methods and sulfur fumigated effect of atractylenolide I and atractylenolide ? by HPLC-PDA method were explored.It found that the content of atractylenolide ? and atractylenolide III decreased significantly after sulfur fumigation.5.Effect of sulfur fumigation on salivary amylase and D-xylose excretion rate in rats with spleen deficiencyAccording to the different processing methods of AMK observated on the processing methods of sulfur fumigation,different temperature of blast baking under the influence of excretion rate in samples of rats with spleen deficiency and salivary amylase in urine.The activity of salivary amylase and the excretion rate of urinary D-xylose were determined by colorimetric method and the method of AMK could improve the absorption capacity and salivary amylase activity of in rats with spleen deficiency.