Studies On Chemical Constituents And Biologically Active Constituents From Euphorbia Fischeriana Steud. And Salacia Hainanensis Chun & How

The dried roots of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. are used as traditional Chinese medicine'Langdu'for the treatment of edema, chronic bronchitis, cough, asthma, scrofula, scabies, and hemorrhoids, and also can be used clinically for the treatment of tumor, tuberculosis and skin diseases.The modern pharmacological study showed that the crude extract from the roots of E. fischeriana Steud.had activities of antitumor, antivirus, antibiosis, and anti-leukemia in experimental animals.Our preliminary study shows that the extract of E. fischeriana separated over D101 macroporous resin had significant anti-HBV and anti-HSV activities. Thus, further separation of this extract afforded 12 known compounds, tirucalla-5,24-dien-3-ol (?-1),24-methyltirucalla-5,24-dien-3-ol (?-2), euphol (I-3), butyrospermol (?-4),24-methylenecycloartenol (?-5), cycloartenol (?-6), jolkinolid E (?-7), helioscopinolide A (?-8), isoscopoletion (?-9), dephnoretin (?-10),3,3'-di-O-methylellagic acid 4'-O-?-D-xylopyranoside (?-11),and 4?-methylergosta-8,24-dienol(1-12).To our knowledge, compounds?-1,?-2,?-10, and?-12 were isolated from Euphorbia genus for the first time. Compounds?-3,?-4, and?-11 were isolated from this species for the first time. Compounds?-1,?-3,?-4,?-7-?-11 were screened for anti-HBV and anti-HSV activities. Compounds?-1,?-8,?-9 and?-11 showed anti-HBsAg and anti-HBeAg effects, and compound 1-10 showed anti-HBsAg effect, while compound?-7 showed anti-HSV-1 effect.Salacia, one genus of Hippocrateaceae, is widely distributed in Southeast Asia. So far, the chemical constituents isolated from the Salacia genus were triterpenes, phenolic type, sterols, etc. Pharmacological research showed that the crude extract from the roots or stems of the genus had activities of antioxidant, liver protection, anti-hyperlipidemia and lowering blood sugar.Salacia hainanensis Chun & How., is a vine only distributed in Hainan Province, whose dried root bark is used as the traditional folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatic joint pain, lumbar muscle strain, and asthenia. Up to now, phytochemical investigations on S. hainanensis have been only reported in 2 papers, while the pharmacological research is mainly focused on the activity of lowering blood sugar.Further separation of the EtOAc-soluble fraction from an ethanol extract of the root of Salacia hainanensis afforded 15 compounds, including 4 new triterpenes, salacinins A-D (?-1-?-4), and 11 known compounds, salacianone (?-5), lupol (?-6), lup-20(29)-ene-3,16-diol (?-7), lup-20(29)-ene-3-on-28-ol (?-8),15?-hydroxyfriedelan-3-one (?-9), friedelane-3-one-29-ol (11-10),21?-hydroxyfriedelan-3-one (?-11),friedel-1-en-3-one (?-12), D:A-friedooleanane-3,15-dione(?-13), 29-hydroxyfriedel-l-en-3-one (?-14), and (3-amyrin (11-15).To our knowledge, compounds?-1-?-3 are the new lupine triterpenes and compounds?-4 is the new friedelin triterpenes, while compounds?-7,11-13 and?-14 were isolated from this species for the first time.In the end, two reviews on the progress in the chemistry and biological activities of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. and the genus Salacia are presented.