The Research On Causative Verbs Of Qi Min Yao Shu

Causative category as a common semantic category of human language has attracted the attention of linguists. Causative verbs and their associated causative structure type have been a hot discussion for scholars. But the focus of the scholars are generally in modern Chinese Causative Constructions, while for the ancient Chinese especially the medieval Chinese causative verb types are lack of specific analysis. What's more, there are very few people from the stylistic differences in classification to discuss the causative verbs.In this paper, Qi Min Yao Shu is the key object of our investigation. At the same time in order to ensure the credibility of the conclusion of the study,We also make reference to the same style of Fifty-two Bing Fang in ancient Chinese and the same period of the biography part of Wei Shu(hereinafter referred to as Wei Shu),and try to explore the differences in causative form between scientific style and narrative style.At the same time we mean to explore: why “V ? XP” is a common sight to Qi Min Yao Shu? Why “V1+?/?+V2” and “V1V2” coexist in Qi Min Yao Shu? Did the lexical causative are really have declined? What is the relation between the decline of lexical causative and resultative construction?When writing this article, we insist on the combination of the meaning and the form. When deciding whether it is the causative verbs or not, we not only consider the word's causative meaning, but also the comprehensive form.The synchronic description and diachronic comparison are united. Qi Min Yao Shu is the core object of our investigation,meanwhile,In order to illustrate the influence of style,we compare the same style work in ancient Chinese and the narrative style Wei Shu, thus increasing the credibility of the research results;We insist on the combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis, and make use of statistical proof to explain the scientific research; The description of language facts and theoretical thinking are combined, and we explain the relevant grammatical phenomena with the functional linguistics, cognitive linguistics and general linguistics theory, and illuminate the reasons behind; Analysis is mixed with generalization, firstly respectively summarizes each book causative verbs, then compare the similarities and differences of the three, and then discusses the forms and the evolution rules of Chinese Causative verbs.The full text is divided into five chapters, the main contents are as follows:The first chapter is the introduction.The first section is the definition of causative verbs; The second section reviews the history of Chinese grammar study of causative verbs; The third section is the research summary about Qi Min Yao Shu, we will point out the corpus value of Qi Min Yao Shu, and generalize the expression form of causative verbs in Qi Min Yao Shu; The forth section describes the research method of this paper.The second chapter introduces the causative verb“ ? / ? ”of Qi Min Yao Shu,combining the Pivotal Sentence. According to " mandatory or not", the causative verbs“?/?”are divided into three categories. The first section is “the dispatch and command". The second section “?/?”is just as “pure causative mark” and according to the property of the pivotal clause predicate, it is divided into “cause-- action” and“cause-- state”. The third section is the meaning “allow”, which is the key point during the process of grammaticalization of the pivotal verb.It is believed that the meaning “allow” is very critical for the pivotal clause“ ? / ? ”, because of it, the pivotal clause “?/?”could not only express“cause-- action” but also “cause-- state”.When this meaning appeared, the pivotal clause's structure and meaning changed consequently, thus constructions occured. The fourth section discusses the special form“V ? XP”in Qi Min Yao Shu, gives a general overview of previous research findings, and analyzes the reason of why it is widely used in Qi Min Yao Shu.The third chapter introduces “the compound verbs”in Qi Min Yao Shu. The first section briefly introduces characteristics of “compound verb” in Qi Min Yao Shu and determine the structure properties. The second section is on the basis of predicate and complement components, and “the compound verbs” are classified according to the semantic. The third section analyzes why “V1V2” coexist with “V1+?/? +V2” in the Qi Min Yao Shu.The fourth chapter introduces Qi Min Yao Shu's “the lexical causative verb”,namely with causative usage of the word. The first section we will study lexical causative according to single syllable and multi syllable, calculate causative usage data, and summarize its semantic type. The second section discusses the reasons why the causative usage and non causative usage coexist in the Qi Min Yao Shu, and explains it from the development of language. The third section discusses the dynamic relationship during the decline of “lexical causative”, the pivotal clause “? /? ”and the “resultative construction”, and believes that the decline is closely related to“?/?+AP” widely used.The fifth chapter causative verbs in Qi Min Yao Shu, Fifty-two Bing Fang andWei Shu are compared. This chapter the causative verbs in Fifty-two Bing Fang and Wei Shu are divided into “? /? ”, “ the lexical causative verb”, and “the compound verb”, and will be introduced one by one, and then we will summarize the characteristics of various types. The third part we use the charts to intuitively display similarities and differences of specific forms of the causative verbs among these three works, and then analyzes the cause of difference. Fifty-two Bing Fang is in late ancient Chinese, at that time, the Chinese expression was changed from synthesizing type to analytic type. This feature is reflected very good in this book. Although there is still the causative usage but not dominant, the pivotal clause “?/?”is widely used,which shares part of lexical causative's function. Compared to the Fifty-two Bing Fang, the causative verbs types in Qi Min Yao Shu is various. Because the medieval Chinese is a period which links past and future, it preserves some features of ancient Chinese, also begins a new language phenomenon. However, compared with the Qi Min Yao Shu, Wei Shu is a biography in Chinese history, which is a kind of narrative style, therefore the language style is different from scientific style, and the causative verbs and syntactic structure used will have difference. We attribute this difference to“style”and “the language development”.