The Research Of Shi Ci And Si In <Mencius>

The Pre-Qin Chinese demonstrative pronouns arethe highest in useful frequency and have many kinds of types.The number of the same kind of demonstrative pronoun is also very much. Among them, the demonstrative pronoun "shi", "ci", "si" belong to the same kinds of pronouns who coexist in the Pre-Qin books but present adifferent syntax evolution. This paper makes a classification and some necessary data statistics which is bases on the use-cases in < Mencius>. We try to describe "shi", "ci", "si",make a simple comparison, and find out the similarities and differences between them.The version of <Mencius> is depend on the <Mencius>translated by Yang Bojun, publishedby zhonghua publishing house,1960. After ruling out the use case of citations and other meanings in the second chapter, the third, fourth and fifth chapterssort out the use of "shi", "ci", "si", according to the sentence constituentsand fixed usage to make a different syntax and semantic analysis.The last chapter summarizes the similarities and differences of the three parts.By contrast, "shi" and "ci" have more similaritiesin terms of syntactic component, the content of the back in referring to, and “si”has developed from the demonstrative pronoun to conjunction usage. "shi" and "ci" have different frequency of utilization in many syntactic usage and overlapping usage in Fixed collocation. Both of them can be used as subject, object and attributive, and "shi" also can be used as predicate and adverbial but “ci”. Thus the boundary between the two pronouns is clearer, the function is more and more sure, which towards differentgrammaticalization path.