| Bai Mei-chu(1876-1940),named Yueheng, who was a famous geographer in modern Chinese history. His grandfather who was named Yabenna worked in the army.His father who named Lian Gui was also a soldier, but appointed to be ascribes. At the Mid Autumn Festival of 1876, Bai was born in the ordinary Manchu family in Yongpingfu(now Lulong County in Hebei Province). When he was a child, he received classical education in the old-style private school. Then he entered the Beiyang Normal School learning to become a teacher of geography. Due to his rigorous scholarship, especially good at geography, he served as editor of The Geography Magazine. He was invited to be a professor in History Department of Beijing Normal University. He had a lot of works during his lifetime, such as The Latest Interpretation of the Construction of Material, China's Human Geography: The Physiographic Part, the most famous is The Chronicles of the Entire Province in the Republic of China. He studied geography to use, and made a significant contribution to the development of China's geography.Human Geography occupies half of the Geography, having a very important significance in the study of geography. In modern China, the western geography was introduced into China, making an impact on Chinese traditional geography, at the same time, bringing opportunities for the development of science. How to make traditional geography changing into modern geography, this is the study of both history and geography. In the process of traditional geography changing into modern geography, the modern famous geographer Bai Mei-chu played the role of a bridge,and also made great contribution to traditional geography changing into modern geography. The Study on Bai Mei-chu with his Human Geography is divided into eight parts. Through the origin and development of ancient geography, the first chapter finds out the process of development of geography of China, characteristicsand regularity. The second chapter introduces the past life of Bai Mei-chu, the main social relations and geography achievement. The third chapter discusses Bai Mei-chu's origin of the thought source of humanistic geography, research characteristics and research achievements. The next three chapters focus on early Bai Mei-chu's contribution to the branch of human geography, especially historical geography, economic geography and the geography in border areas. Historical geography is based on Bai Mei-chu's discuss in 1928 China's capital issue, during Banner Changing of Northeast China and the end of the Southern and Northern Warlords Fighting, capital problems become the key points of civil interest competition. According to Beijing, Nanjing, Luoyang and other ancient capitals at the beginning of the evolution of contrast, strategic location and transportation economy,Bai Mei-chu demonstrates the rationality of the capital setting up in Beijing. His economic geography concentrated in The Chronicles of the Entire Province in the Republic of China. In the book, he introduced products, traffic and the distribution of the population. The frontier geography mainly introduced the independent of the Outer Mongolia and Nine-dotted line in the south sea. We can find his protest to the fact The Soviet union occupied the Outer Mongolia. The book also provided the evidence of academic and historical to protect and maintain Chinese land. The seventh part focused on Bai Mei-chu's human geography education. He concluded the process of the modern Chinese Geography which changed from theory to the classroom, and then feed backed the academic.The arrangement of the geography textbooks,the change of the education system, the use of the teaching methods were also included in this part. Certainly, in the end of this part, we can learn common sense education and patriotic education in his educational thoughts. The eighth part is the conclusion of this essay. This part concluded the feature and methods of Bai Mei-chu's study, and expressed his uniqueness in the study on modern human geography. |
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