Multi-faceted Gorky—The Comparative Study Of The Three Gorky Biographies

Gorky study is a systematic study of Gorky's life, creation, social activities, social politics and aesthetics and philosophy of the study thought,Gorky 's biography study is an important research content in Gorky 's study. Not only Gorky has autobiography, but also a number of scholars had made a biography of Gorky. These Gorky's biographies have different characteristics, different emphases. In Gorky's study, there are a few articles about the biography of Gorky. This paper attempts to make a comparative study of the Gorky's biography, which selects three representative biographies of different times and different emphases in Russia as the main comparison, three biographese is Gruzdev < Gorky>, Baranof < Biography of Gorky: remove the disguise of the Gorky and time >, Basinski < another Gorky>. Through the comparison of Gorky childhood, thought and the relationship with Lenin, Stalin and other major events, the complex inner world of Gorky, unique personality, and construct three kinds of images can be demonstrated. This article holds the three identity of Gorky: the suffering, the writer, the revolutionary, and analyzes the different reasons of the image of Gorky in the three biographies.The contents of the first chapter in this article are mainly about: the research situation summary of the study of Gorky and Gorky biography, elaboration of the important issues in biography of Gorky, proposal of the theory and method of Gorky's biography research, and indication of the thesis study purpose. The second, third and fourth chapter, respectively makes comparison among the three main issues, Gorky's early life, the writer's mystery and the late problems; and then the three images of suffering person, writer and revolutionist demonstrated in biography as well as Gorky's unique personality and complex thoughts are also presented in works. Lastly, it's mainly about the analysis of the forming reasons for Gorky's distinct images: the differences between biographer's intentions of and the facts; the differences of the research data and the range of vision; the biographer's narrative way and analyzing method; context of the times and political atmosphere.The thesis' s entry point lies in, firstly, looking through the influence to Gorky by the context of the times, the materials collected by biographer and the biographer's intentions. The image of Gorky in different times is then unmasked and so as to show the multi—faceted images and his inner world. Secondly, the contents are mainly about the probes into the human nature of Gorky, shows of the dark side and childhood shadows and revelation of Gorky's complex ideas. As a petrel who protests against the autocratic system, Gorky is also the autocratic for maintaining the totalitarian system; After splitting up with Lenin, he turned to Stalin's arms, therefore, it can be seen that Gorky's self subversion, self denial are the reflections of his complex thinking. “The contradictions resides in Gorky, are the conflicts between human, conscience, culture, democratic conventions and tyranny, dictatorship and the brutality of individual's wills”. Thirdly, the comparison between various biographies provides case study for the different biographies written by the biographer. In Gorky's biographies, the images of the Gorky are different, and through the analysis of the biographical theory, the causes are the biographer's intention, the material, the context of the times and narrative methods, etc. So it provides a theoretical basis and analyzing method for the comparison between different biographies written by the identical biographer: the theoretical problem of the comparison between the biographies written by the same biographer involves the authenticity and relativity of the biography, the biographer's subjectivity and interpretation, the biographer's writing and material-selecting intentions, narrative approaches as well as writing style is worth discussion and exploration.