Haoxian Owned By The Government In Qianlong Period Of Qing Qynasty

Haoxian owned by the government is an important financial system of the Qing dynasty. In the Yongzheng period, with the support of Yongzheng and local officials. Haoxian of every province are nationalized into exchequer in order to solve serious deficit problem. one part of it is used to cover the shortfall, another part is used to prevent corruption. And the usage of the left is depended on the local government. Haoxian nationalized the property of local government and played an important role in both bureaucracy and financial. However, with the deepening of reform, due to the flaws in the system, shortcomings gradually appear. It was even difficult to continue in the late of Yongzheng period.After Qianlong ascended the throne, he continued the work of check Haoxian and the consumption and property of local government in the fifth years of his resign. Thereafter the provinces promulgated the Constitution of haoxian to make specific provisions about the collection and grant of haoxian. The system became an important financial system of the Qing dynasty.In the mid and late Qianlong period, with increasing of central control over the local financial, the haoxian of each province never receive to center,need receive with tax together,and the money of each officer also change to receive by center,the situation of Self-supporting never existeach genus Honesty officials were also changed by the treasurer branched hair, self-supporting situation no longer exists.So, local financial authority was controlled by central government. And the relationship between Central and local government and bureaucratic also changed.The system of haoxian owned by the government had a significant impact on Qianlong Dynasty. In the aspect of society, It reduced the burden of people, promoted the development of society. In the aspect of administration, it improved the bureaucracy, increase official incomes, but efficiency has declined. In the aspect of central and local finance, central financial fulfillment caused local financial tension.