The Study On The Provincial Examination Of Jiangnan Province In Qing Dynasty

In Qing dynasty, Provincial Examination is an important part of talents selection. Although the court made a variety of institutional regulations, Jiangnan Provincial Examination presentsd its features in the long-term historical development process. The study on syetem of it could contribute to an understanding of Jiangnan culture and education development.Because of the influence of the war and natural disaster, Jiangnan totally held Provincial Examination 108 times and lacked of 4 times and postponed of 7 times in the Qing dynasty. Jiangnan Examination Hall was a special place only for use of holding Jiangnan Provincial Examinations and its predecessor was the Jiankang Examination Hall built in the fourth year of Qiandao in the Southern Song dynasty. After continuous expansion, the Jiangnan Examination Hall used to have 190 rooms and become the champion across the country in the Tongzhi reign Qing dynasty. The chief examiner was in charge of judging the tset paper and selecting the scholars, which had great importance to the Provincial Examination. In Qing dynasty, Jiangnan Provincial Examination tried producing a total of 204 chief examiner, which Jinshi came from a strength of 198. Most of the chief examiner held by second-level government officials, and the deputy chief examiner was composed of seven-level officials upon most occasions. The Provincial Examination questions out by the chief examiner. Before the reform of imperial examination, Jiangnan Provincial Examination attached too much importance to the first Sishu exam, which content mainly came from the Lunyu, Zhongyong and Mengzi. After the reform, policy issues became the focus test and was closely linked to politics.The examinee was one of the most important in the Provincial Examination. The examinee of Jiangnan province was divided into four main categories of candidates: Shengyuan, Gongsheng, Jiansheng, faculty and Zhufang students. According to court rules, Jiangnan province admissioned candidates in accordance with prescribed standards, which proportion of admissions was 1.25. However, the admission in most cases less than 1 percent in the actual operation process. According to records of Jiangnan Provincial Examination and local history,13607 Juren had been admitted. Faced with such fierce competition, and the temptation from Juren title, many candidates tried to through the provincial level by cheating. During the fourteenth year of Shunzhi, and the fiftieth year of Kangxi, two serious cases of fraud occurred in Jiangnan Provincial Examination. The government ensures the fairness of the exam by severely punish relevant personnel.