Research On Household Income And Expenditure Books Of Hu Tingqing In Qimen In The Late Qing Dynasty

Series of household income and expenditure books written by Hu Tingqing in Qimen,records of all of daily economic life of his family for thirty years,which reproduced conditions of the Tutor of old?style private school in Huizhou,making it very precious.Hu Tingqing was born in a literary family,and inherited the family learning,furthermore,he devoted all his life to teaching career.After studying the related records of the "books",we can see that it shows continuing prosperity of private lending and financing during the late Qing Dynasty with the development of Huizhou rural commodity economic.Besides,people whom were located in the mountains of southern Anhui got incomes from the forest resources,such as cultivate tea tree and other cash crops.As a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty,Hu also took an active part in civil society organizations,from which he could make enough profit,that shows the old ?style private family tutor's diversified sources of income.From the aspect of family structure and consumer characteristics,the level of living standard of Hu already became into middle class.As a village scholar,Hu keened to join the public affairs,such as operating the public memory industry,caring ritual affairs,and participating in the preparation of family tree,etc,Hu was used to playing an important role in the management and the grass-roots Autonomy.When he lived in the country,he always helped the neighbors to solve problems,such as helping others to write,acting as an agent of contract foretelling a persons and saving lives.Through the investigating the social and economic life of Hu Tingqing,we can get a glimpse of the local reality of Huizhou in traditional period.From the "books" of family old?style private school tutor in Late Qing Dynasty,We known that the construction process of patterns of household livelihood was influenced by clan society,dynastic system and international market factors.Discussing evolution process of family living model provides a specific case of rural social changes in the late Qing Dynasty.