Research On The Development Of "Xing" And "Qing" Concepts And The Conversion Of Ideal Personality Among Scholar-officials In The Han And Jin Dynasties

The theory of Temperament is an important proposition about human essence and characteristic aesthetics in ancient China. Between the Han Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, the change of the theory of Temperament in philosophy, bring the transmutation of scholar's characteristic aesthetic ideal in this era. In the Western Han Dynasty, the Confucianism has being selected as the authority thought, Dong Zhongshu compared the Yin-yang theory with person's Temperament, let the person's Temperament become moral ethics, emphasis on social education influence on the remake power of one's personality. In that era, the most important standard for evaluate a person is the person's virtue. So the moral personality has become the ideal model of scholar's personality in the Han Dynasty. In late of the Han Dynasty and the early of the Wei-Jin period, the thought of the Confucian ethical code becomes fade, the ethical of Temperament to the view of goodness and evil has changed, people pay more attention to a person's talent and character, the virtue of ideal personality constructed by the Confucian was gradually replaced by the talent of personality. Between the Wei Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, the Metaphysics become prevalent and the Taoism become prosperity, people's understanding of Temperament became pay more attention to the nature of Temperament, the Confucian ethics Temperament concept turn to the Taoism nature Temperament concept. The celebrities' ideal personality has turn Confucian to Taoism gradually. The Metaphysics gave birth to the pursuit natural love and spirit of independence and freedom personality model like Ji Kang. In the period of Western Jin Dynasty, the nature Temperament thought turn to the desires of nature. In the eye of the scholar of the Western Jin Dynasty, the willful of nature means the willful of nature desires. The personality of Temperament has changed, its ideal personality become pay more attention to satisfy of the desires. As the perish of the Western Jin Dynasty, the collaborate of the Metaphysics and the Buddhism become the main melody of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The nature Temperament of Taoism turn to the prajna talent of Buddhism, the scholar has become more addicted to nature landscape, seek their mental spirit and the liberation of mind in nature landscape. Its ideal personality becomes to show the talent of calm and quiet of a person's characteristics. The Confucian of remain poor stick to righteousness, the Taoism of recover one's original simplicity and the Buddhism of willful but not persistent, those has combined and sublimated Tao Yuanming's personality realm of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which is the greatest ideal personality in the ancient China.