A Study On The Thoughts Of Opening The Sea Ban System Since The Middle Of Ming Dynasty

This thesis conducts on the research about the thoughts of opening the Sea ban system since the Middle of Ming dynasty.It mainly focuses on the contents,the process of development and influences of the thoughts of opening the sea ban system.There is a direct relation between the sea ban system,tributary system which were both established in the early Ming dynasty and the thoughts of opening the sea ban system.The sea system ban forbad people to trade overseas privately,also forbad foreign business people to trade with people of Ming dynasty privately.It only allowed the government of overseas countries to trade with Ming dynasty.However,the sea ban system could hardly forbid people to trade overseas,and caused strong conflicts with the private sea trades.The conflicts made related groups to rethink the sea ban system and promote the emergence and development of thoughts of opening the sea ban system and allowing people to trade by sea with foreign countries.The development of the opening sea ban system thoughts experienced a long period.To make people trade overseas legally,Qiu Jun put forward the thought of restoring the official system to mange sea trades of Song and Yuan dynasty in the period of Cheng Hua,which meant the emergence of the opening sea ban system thought in Ming dynasty.The conflicts between the sea ban system and private sea trades caused serious crises during the period of Jia Jing,which made related groups to rethink the sea ban system and promoted the burst of opening sea ban thoughts to solve the problems of killings and robberies by pirates and meet the challenges of overseas countries.The opening sea ban thought of Long Qing integrated the sea ban system thoughts and the opening sea ban system thoughts,which restrictively opened the sea ban system to allow people to trade overseas.Ming dynasty was faced with internal and external crises during its late period.Those crises promoted the opening sea thoughts to gain its economic natures about increasing the government revenue and improving people's livelihood,and became the thoughts of coping with overseas challenges and developing sea transportation.All in all,the thoughts of opening sea ban system evolved into thoughts that own political,economic qualities and qualities of dealing with overseas challenges.The opening sea ban thoughts were advanced thoughts which were meaningful to open the sea ban system and influenced the Ming dynasty deeply.The open sea thoughts are helpful to handle internal crises and overseas challenges,to increase government revenue and improve people's livelihood,to promote Ming dynasty to know the situation of world and promote economic communication between Ming dynasty and overseas countries.