The Exploration Of Ming Dynasty Xuanfu Zongbing Powers Growing And Declining

In Ming Dynasty,as northern border,Xuanfu played an important role in defending the capital of Beijing and the defense of Mongolia.Xuanfu strategic position was very important that its one of the Nine Frontiers of Ming Dynasty.As the highest military commander of Xuanfu Town,Xuanfu zongbing took up the border security of military responsibility,its importance was self-evident.The establishment of Xuanfu zongbing has experienced from temporary dispatch to long-term guarding,at the same time the power of Xuanfu zongbing had been changing.In Yongle,government set up temporary zongbing in Xuanfu.When there was a crisis they come to defense,after the completion of the task to go back.Xuanfu zongbing which not established stable relationship with the Xuanfu Town,during this period of Xuanfu zongbing authority in the budding period.The guarding of Xuanfu zongbing that they had steady guarding the area,controled Wanquan Dusi,holden the military and administrative powers of Xuanfu,was established in RenXuan.During this period of Xuanfu zongbing authority in the expanding period.With the Xuanfu zongbing authority continue to expanded,they became highest military commander of Xuanfu Town.The rulers of the Ming dynasty fear that powerful Xuanfu zongbing threatened the emperor dominance,and the crisis has became increasingly serious in the north,in Zhengtong.Inorder to strengthen the military defense forces and prevent the zongbing expanding,the Ming Dynasty's policy of the frontier began to guide decentralization and balances of power and to change from valuing military officer to civil official.From Zhengtong to Jiajing,the power of Xuanfu zongbing was gradually deprived by the policy.Mainly in the following several aspects,Firstly,guarding eunuch contained the zongbing.Secondly,the Xunfu weakened the zongbing.Finally,the Zongdu controled the zongbing.Thus Xuanfu zongbing from the highest military leadership reduced to ordinary military officer of under Governor.Xuanfu zongbing authority has improved a bit after Jiajing,but it is quite different.Throughout the Ming Dynasty,the authority of Xuanfu zongbing had the changing trend: expanded in the early stage of the Ming Dynasty,gradually weakened in the middle of the Ming Dynasty,the late Ming has rebounded,but ultimately did not change the authority of Xuanfu zongbing was totally deprived.This is closely related to the policy changes of the rulers of the Ming dynasty.In order to prevent the powerful authority of zongbing and strengthen the control of the frontier town,The rulers of the Ming dynasty vigorously promote the strategy of literati controlling military officer.But in the process of implementation,government not grasped the middle of the degree that the separation of powers,and ignored the human subjective initiative.Its leading to the Contradiction is very intense which civil servants,generals and eunuchs of the frontier town fight each other.The armycombat effectiveness has fallen gradually,the northern border appeared a serious crisis of military defense in the late Ming Dynasty.