Analysis Of Sand Junks Merchants In The Mid-Qing Dynasty Centered On Ocean Shipping In 1826

The levee failure of Gaojia Weir led to river,s blocking and the journey of the Caoyun system prevented in 1824.Qing dynasty decided to hire Sand Junks to undertake ocean shipping by comparing ocean shipping and the journey of the Caoyun system.Sand Junks merchants were valued for the first time.Literati and officialdom thought Sand Junks merchants distributed in the counties of Yangtze River estuary,such as Tongzhou,Haimen,Chongming,Baoshan,Nanhui,Taicang.By analysis the name of Sand Junks,we can know geographic distribution on the native place of Sand Junks.The quantity of Sand Junks in the counties of Yangtze River estuary and the name feature of Sand Junks.We can know the specific quantity of Sand Junks in 1824 by utilizing the data,such Tongzhou,Chongming and Yuanhe three counties owning the most of Sand Junks.The junks number distribution level is distinct,and the Chang of the quantity of Sand Junks is very obvious in the counties.The quantity of Sand Junks can not reflect the situation of Sand Junks merchants by analysis the relics of Sand Junks in some counties of Yangtze River estuary.By contrast,ocean shipping of1848 and 1852,The junks number geographical distribution overall change is unobvious.Three ocean shipping bear hire quantity of Sand Junks can reflect Sand Junks merchants Regional distribution and strength.The level of economic,national policy and geographical environment impact on the quantity of Sand Junks in the counties,the specific quantity of Sand Junks is unbalanced in the county.With Qing dynasty strict control,maritime merchants feared officer since maritime trade was permitted in 1684.Jiangsu grand coordinators Zhang Shi-chen banned Sand Junks out to sea leading to Sand Junks merchants feared officer more before Qing dynasty decided to hire Sand Junks to undertake ocean shipping.At the same time,some maritime merchants began to decline ocean shipping,to become cunning,to reject to transport tribute rice,even to avoid overseas and carrying passenger and freight under the usury effect of commercial trade.Jiangsu province officer took some corresponding punishment measures facing maritime merchants declined ocean shipping on purpose.In order to guarantee ocean shipping smoothly,Taoshu and He Chang-lin went to Shanghai and took some measures to guarantee ocean shipping smoothly and maintain maritime merchants' profit,To achieve mutualbenefit and win-win.Government took some effective measures to guarantee ocean shipping smoothly which won the part of big maritime merchants' approval.Withocean shipping smoothly,maritime merchants' attitude had improved.But under the usury effect of commercial trade,some maritime merchants were not fond of ocean shipping,not all of maritime merchants accepted ocean shipping of Qing dynasty.From the process of shipping,no matter how maritime merchants to undertake Marine intend,they will eventually choose to cooperate with the government,because "commercial trade subordinate to politics in traditional society".