| Based on the historical materials from US,UK,UN,and Tanzania and started with some important political movements or events,this article is trying to take the research method that the interaction between changing domestic politics and diplomacy to analysis the driving force behind the history of Tanzania-UK relations.Tanzania was made up in 1964 by a result of the union between Tanganyika,a mandate territory and later a trust territory administered by British,and a dominion of UK after her independence,and Zanzibar,a protectorate of UK before her independence.Before the inde-pendence of Tanganyika and Zanzibar,the colonial government tried their best to shape the future of their political structure and ideology referring to its mother country,in order to get their long friendship and avoid intervention imposed upon them from communist country.After the independence of Tanganyika,Nyerere retained many expatriate civil service,mostly British,to achieve an effective economic development.However,this policy suffered opposi-tion from many realistic Nationalist.As a result,many British civil service had to leave and many anti-white nationalist join the government,thus consolidating the power of anti-white leader,Oscar Cambona.After the 1964 army mutiny,British official lost their important in-fluence on the Tanganyika government.With the union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar,many pro-communist Zanzibar leaders entered the Tanganyika cabinet,opening the door for the cooperation of Tanzania with communist countries,especially China.With the communist influence expanding in Tanzania and the relation with Federal Republic of Germany and US worse during 1964-1965,because of Zanzibar issues,Tanzania turned left.When finally confronted with Rhodesia's unilateral declaration of Independence,Britain was too indecisive to take effective action to crush the rebel.Meanwhile,African country tend to pressed Britain to crush the rebel by military force before 15 Dec 1965 for African countries were unable to intervene,which otherwise,African country would sever diplomatic relations with Britain.Finally,Tanzania broke off relations with Britain at midnight during 15 Dec 1965.The first chapter aims at finding out the effect of the changing colonial policy on local poli-tics,economic and society.The second chapter tries to analysis the track of the Tanganyika national independence movement by focusing on describing the conflict and cooperation be-tween colonial government and Tanganyika National African Union.The third chapter tries to find out the effect of the dispute between retaining foreign expatriates and Africanisation on Tanzania-United Kingdom relations.The fourth chapter aims at finding the effect of interna-tional relationship on the domestic politics of Tanganyika and Zanzibar through the triangle interaction between Britain,Tanganyika and Zanzibar.The last chapter tries to find out the reason why the relations between Britain and Tanzania broke down by comparing the Britain and Tanzania policy toward Rhodesia' s unilateral declaration of independenceWith the nationalism development of Tanganyika and Zanzibar during the post-war years,an apparent character of the constitutional reform in Tanganyika and Zanzibar is that British colonial government try to shape the future of local political structure according to their own political ideal and structure,in order to acquire a pro-west Tanzania.During the four years after Tanganyika's independence,British government contributed the largest economic assistant and investment and supported many British to work as civil service in Tanzanian government.Meanwhile,over one thirds of Tanzanian' s trade were relevant to British.But why Nyerere,the leader of Tanzania,a moderate nationalist viewed by former colonial power,was determined to sever diplomatic relations with Britain during the Rhodesia crisis?Why didn' t the policy that transferred power speedy to African nationalists to gain their friend-ship make more positive sense than they expected?... |
PDF Full Text Request