Study On The Caliphate Movement,1919-1924

In the beginning of the 17th century,the Ottoman Empire gradually decline,and the symbol of Orthodox authority of the Islamic Caliphate gradually lost political power.After the first world war,the Ottoman Empire faced a division of western countries headed by Britain,as the ruler of the empire,Ottoman Caliphate's status and scarcity has became the focus of Muslim world.Among them,Indian Muslims was the most prominent,they devoted unique feelings to Ottoman Caliphate.After established colonial rule in India,British strongly support the majority Hindu,Muslim minority interests are overlooked.Muslim's politics,economy,culture and education lags far behind in terms of Hindus,faced a marginal danger in Indian society.In such circumstances,Muslim elite attempts to participation in Indian politics through establishment of education organizations,changing the passive position.However,as a minority of Indian society,Muslims were not dominant in political elections.In view of this,they tried to avoid the number disadvantage,looking for a equal competition with Hindus to distribution political rights.At this point,with the concern and sympathy of the Ottoman Caliphate fate,Pan-Islamism appears in view of India's Muslims.Its leaders believe that emphasizing the religion nature of Muslims in the aspect of cultural and political can highlight its advantages,and can maximize the united of Muslim.After the first world war,with Indian national liberation movement growing up,Indian Muslim elite seize the Ottoman Caliphate problem called on public support.They joined the non-violent and non-cooperation struggle,launched the Caliphate movement,trying to participate in India politics under the banner of protect the Ottoman Caliphate.The movement begin with the establishment of the Caliphate commission in 1919,end with 1924 Kemal abolished Caliphate system.After brewing,rise,climax and decline four stages,the movement plays an important role in the Indian national liberation movement.Throughout the process,the Indian Muslim acted as pioneers of the Indian national liberation movement,they accepted and practiced the idea of non-violent and non-cooperation movement for the first time when the Congress Party was still hesitant to adopt Gandhi's non-cooperation struggle strategy.Indian Muslim paid a heavy price for the Caliphate Movement,but the results were not satisfactory.With the establishment of the Republic of Turkey,the Kemal government has been secularized,the Ottoman Caliphate system was abolished,Indian Muslims failed to defend the Ottoman Caliphate,anti-colonial goal was also failed.Even so,the Caliphate Movement is a valuable asset for Indian society and Muslim community.In this campaign,Islamic cultural identity of Indian Muslim was further enhanced,They form a good cooperation with Hindus,and also made contact with Muslims in Turkey and Afghanistan,fighting for their political rights and and also promoted the development of national independence movement in India,Turkey and Afghanistan.In addition,the organizations capacity of Indian Muslim has been exercise in the movement,their political vision and ideological understanding has also been greatly changed from the British blind allegiance to raised the banner of Muslim nationalism,and made a good groundwork for the formation of Pakistan's independence movement.