The Study Of Pinglu Military Governorship Before Heading Down South To Zi-Qing Region(717-761)

As the Pinglu Military Governorship established in the late 720s,due to the limitations of its power and changes of the frontier situaion,the Pinglu was under the leadership of the Youzhou Military Governorship many times.Furthermore,the Pinglu was once incorporated into the Youzhou.Even so,the Pinglu had its own Military Governorship and Independent organizational system.This was the basis of the division between the Pinglu and Youzhou after An-shi Rebellion.Afterwards,The Pinglu was divided into Rebel Group and Emperor-protecting Group.The jurisdiction of Pinglu expanded to the west of Yuguan because of the adjustment of administrative zones in 742.What's more,the addition of the military forces made the Pinglu stronger in next year.The starting point of the former was to extend the Pinglu's hinterland,but it ignored the traditional partition between the inside and outside of Yuguan and that became the premise of the Pinglu division which was bounded by Yuguan.The latter enhanced military power of the Pinglu especially the outside of Yuguan,which was the basis of confronting between the Rebel Group and Emperor-protecting Group.This is from Pinglu's own history to seek the cause of the division,which is the theory of the first chapter.Because of geographical factors,the exchanges between Pinglu and Youzhou was frequent,especially in the military.The enemy was too strong,the Pinglu already one log cannot prop up a shaky structure,so it has relied too much on the Youzhou.However,such a realistic environment has not prompted comprehensive integration between Pinglu and Youzhou.Even under the favorable conditions of Pinglu incorporated into the Youzhou,the Non-military Assistants and military Assistants of Pinglu and Youzhou were still belong to two sets of systems except the unified military command.That was why the independent consciousness of Pinglu never died out.In this case,the Tang Empire sent Eunuchs messengers to strengthen the communication between the central government and local government,bypassed Youzhou to command Pinglu.It caused damage to leading authority of Youzhou and enhanced the independence of Pinglu.There was so much diaphragm between Youzhou and Pinglu,Tang Empire also increased the resistance between them,so Youzhou and Pinglu drifted away on the way of integration.This is from the Pinglu's relationship with Youzhou and Tang Empire to explore the cause of the division,which is the theory of the second chapter.In natural geography,the north of Hebei Dao was blocked by the Yanshan mountains.The traffic between the north and south was inconvenient,this kind of terrain we call Dili was beneficial to division.In terms of climate we call Tianshi,north of the Yanshan with nomadic hunting culture was given priority to and south of Yanshan with farming culture was given priority to.The south and north of Yanshan that connected by Yuguan had different economic ecological,which caused different ways of life and production.The isolation and differences on the nature between south and north of Yanshan was geographical basis on devision of Pinglu.In this context,as the Military Governorship of Pinglu and Youzhou,An lushan attached groat importance to Fanbing Army(soldiers mainly from minority nationality tribes)but despise Hanbing Army(soldiers mainly from the Han nationality).Fanbing Army became the core of An-Shi group,they gathered within the Yuguan even around Youzhou.In addition,Tang empire readjusted the military defense system in the northeast territory.'The military defense objects of Pinglu were inclined to the Shiwei and Mohe in the east and were mainly borne by Pinglu corp and Andong Supervision Office outside the Yuguan.Due to the geographical factors.Lulong.a crop of western Yuguan,was controlled more by Youzhou,so it contacted with Youzhou more and more closely.As time passed,crops of the eastern and western Yuguan had more and more differences on defense,which separated the consistency of Pinglu.The Fan-Han army,physical geography and military defense between western and eastern Yuguan became more and more different,it seemed that the internal split was inevitable.After An-Shi rebellion broke out,Lv zhihui trapped and killed Ma lingcha,which became the prelude to split.Ping lu was marked by rebellion or not and divided into Rebel Group and Emperor-protecting Group.The two groups fighted around the supreme power and never stopped.The most essential difference bteween Rebel Group and Emperor-protecting Group was military group,the former with Fanbing Army was given priority to,the latter with Hanbing Army was given priority to.Fanbing Army and Hanbing Army had different experiences because they had different characters.Fanbing Army had a large family or tribe,their organization was tight.The characters of blood and hereditary were helpful to maintain internal unity and keep the military and political power.Hanbing Army came from humble backgrounds,their organization was loose and promotion relied on talents and brave.However,it was difficult for them to maintain power effectively.This is from physical geography and policy for Fan-Han Army to analyze the cause of the division.Moreover,we investigate the characteristics about the Rebel Group and Emperor-protecting Group,which is the theory of the third chapter.