Preliminary Exploration Of The Rural Cooperative Movement In Shexian In The 1940s

In the 1940 s,the rural cooperative movement in Shexian had started developing on the basis of traditional forms of civil assistance.Since 1942,democratic government of Shexian led by the Communist Party of China had organized farmers to carry out rural cooperative movement in order to achieve a "reasonable burden" and protect food supplies of military and civilian during the Anti-Japanese War and the war of Liberation.In the early stage of the rural cooperative movement,the mutual aiding groups continued developing based on the past tradition of labour-exchange.With the deepening of the movement,the organization and planning of the mutual aiding group had enhanced,and the rural cooperative movement in Shexian also had reached a certain scale.However,because of the issues of forced formation and false reports having been exposed and a large number of young joining in the war resulting in the rural labor force reducing,the mutual aiding groups were merged by cadres and the masses.In the development of the "new rich peasant economy",the rural cooperative movement of Shexian had reached a new level in the form and scale.Based on the mutual aiding group,the small cooperative of labor and capital had got a development.The Chinese Communist Party had led the county cadres and the masses to establish new cooperatives,rectify the old cooperatives,and demand cooperatives to stress on supporting agricultural production,combining agricultural and sideline industries.After 1946,through the distribution of the "struggle fruit" of the land reform,rural masses' enthusiasm of the cooperative production had increased,but there had also been problems of "extreme poor peasant-route".Under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party,Shexian rural cadres and masses gradually corrected "left" errors in the cooperative movement,and further rectified mutual-aid teams.In 1949,the rural cooperatives in Shexian began to combine with the public economy,and the cooperative movement ushered in new development opportunities.This period of rural cooperative movement also provides experience and lessons for the collectivization of Chinese agriculture after the founding of new China.This movement which was promoted by the leadership of the external force of the communist party of China,made the rural mutual assistance based on the friendship between the countries and the human natural gradually moving towards the modern cooperation.The development of cooperative movement provided a certain organization and material support for the rural masses in Shexian to improve labor efficiency,expanded the area of cultivated land,increased grain production,overcame natural disasters,and supported the Anti-Japanese War and the war of Liberation.