| Since the industrial revolution,the formation of the "three high" as the basic characteristics of the "black" development model has become the biggest shackles of human development,resulting in an increasingly serious crisis.After the global financial crisis in 2008,some developed countries and emerging economies began to change the exploration of economic development model,began to formulate green new deal,green growth and other related strategies,the goal is to seize the first opportunity in the global green revolution,green has become the world trend.After the reform and opening up,China's rapid economic development,but also brought serious environmental problems,China's development needs to "greenization",the world's new round of "greenization" wave also needs China's participation,"greenization" will be China's largest strategic opportunity in twenty-first Century.In order to solve the practical problems of China's green development,to meet the needs of China to promote greenization.In this paper,the focus of research is on the process of China's greenization and green degree evaluation,the use of literature study and statistical analysis methods to study the development of China's greenization background and process characteristics.Based on defining the connotation of greenization,green degree evaluation covers green growth,green welfare,green wealth and green governance four dimensions of the index system,using the comprehensive index method,entropy method,Gini coefficient,variation coefficient,NICH index,combined with GIS spatial analysis software study the evolution characteristics of Chinese green degree spatiotemporal pattern,and on this basis,using the method of global Moran's I index,spatial econometric model and combining Eviews5.0 and Matlab2012 data analysis software study the influence mechanism of Chinese greenization.Through the construction of the international green development level accounting system,using the data envelopment analysis(DEA)and Malmquist index model,the green degree difference and experience of China and the world major developed countries are studied,the conclusions as follows:(1)The characteristics of China's greenization process.China greenization process started in 1980 s influenced by the environmental protection.In 90 s,under the influence of sustainable development,China has formulated and implemented the strategy of sustainable development.The turn of the century in 2000 to 2010,due to the influence of Western consumerism oriented economy,natural resources depletion,energy loss,and the per capita carbon dioxide emissions rise different degree,at the same time,China's economic development with a new round of heavy industrialization process,China greenization began to reverse.Since 2010,after the proposed ecological civilization,greenization concept,China greenization process gradually from " light green" to "dark green".(2)The temporal evolution characteristics of green degree in china.On the whole,the green degree of China increased year by year,from 0.352 in 2000 to 0.859 in 2015;The green growth index steadily increased from 0.047 in 2000 to 0.324 in 2015;The green welfare index rose rapidly from 0.088 in 2000 to 0.198 in 2015;The green wealth index gradually declined,from 0.188 in 2000 to 0.051 in 2015;The green governance index rose from 0.028 in 2000 to 0.286 in 2015.On the temporal evolution characteristics of the four major economic blocks in China,2000-2015,the green degree of the eastern region has been higher than in the northeast,central and western regions,and enhance the momentum;Compared to the east,central and west,the green degree in the northeast area is lower,but its green degree speed is faster;In the central region,the speed of promotion was relatively fast before 2010,and the speed began to slow after 2010,and began to lower than northeast region in 2011;The western region of green degree is lower than the eastern region in the second place.(3)The evolution of spatial pattern of green degree in china.China green degree spatial difference from the 2000 ?small gap between the low level features? gradually evolve into the 2015 ?big gap between the high level features?,showing the East high and West High concave shape spatial pattern,the high of green degree is mainly concentrated in the eastern and western provinces,the central provinces and the northeast and northwest parts of green degree are lower.The spatial pattern of green growth presents the character of "T",the eastern coastal areas and the areas along the Yangtze River are high level,while the rest are of medium and low level.The spatial pattern of green welfare shows the " three steps" spatial pattern,the eastern coastal areas are high horizontal zone,the southwest and northwest areas are low horizontal zone.The high level of green wealth is mainly concentrated in the southwest and northwest regions,while the low level areas are mainly concentrated in North china;the spatial pattern of green governance is high in the northwest and low in the southeast.From the relative rate of greenization pattern evolution characteristics,the rate of hot zone in the Yangtze River Delta as the center of the eastern coastal area to the Bohai rim agglomeration,rate of cold areas are mainly concentrated in the central region and continue to reduce.(4)The influencing factors of greenization in China.The regional difference of China greenization was mainly due to the level of economic development,industrial structure,urbanization level,innovation investment,market system,globalization level.The relative factors of greenization,green development,green welfare,green wealth and green governance are significant at 1 % and 5 % level,the industrial structure was negatively correlated with greenization,green growth,green welfare and green wealth,indicating the increase of the proportion of industry national economy,especially the development of heavy industry in " three high" to some extent hinder the greenization process of China.(5)Greenization international gap in China.From the dynamic change characteristics of international green economy efficiency,from 2000 to 2005,China's green economic efficiency change index was 3.3%,less than Russia,South Korea,South Africa,Britain,Brazil,the United States,France and Japan,higher than India;From 2005 to 2010,in addition to Britain,the green economy efficiency change index of the other 10 countries is more than 1,the green economy efficiency change index of China,Brazil and India rose faster,the change is greater than the high-income countries such as Europe and America and Japan and south Korea;From 2010 to 2015,China's green economic efficiency change index is higher than other countries selected,reaching 18.1.From the static characteristics of green economic efficiency,In 2015,the average green economy efficiency of high-income countries such as Europe,Japan,South Korea and other high-income countries reached to 0.664,the average green economy efficiency of middle-income countries such as China and India reached to 0.245,the United States,the relative green economic efficiency was the highest,followed by Japan,Britain,Germany,France,South Korea and South Africa,Chinese green economy efficiency is 0.353,higher than the Brazil,India and Russia.(6)The ways and countermeasures to promote China's greenization.From the perspective of space-time,the regional difference of China's greenization is very significant,which hinders the further development of China's greenization.Therefore,it is necessary to implement the regional greenization development strategy.The eastern region should focus on optimizing the spatial layout,improve the efficiency of space utilization,and strive to improve the quality of industrialization and urbanization;Northeast China needs to focus on institutional innovation,optimize the market system,enhance the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources;The central region should make great efforts to improve the level of industrialization and urbanization,improve the ability of technological innovation,optimize the industrial structure and energy structure,and improve the efficiency of green economy;The western region should adhere to the road of green development,enhance the production capacity of green products and ecological products.From the perspective of institutional mechanisms,China's greenization top of the overall planning is not enough,the lack of Coordination policies,the law is not perfect,lax enforcement,heavy end governance,light source prevention,has not yet established an effective mechanism for public participation.In the face of these problems,this paper proposes to promote the rapid development of China's greenization from the aspects of legal protection mechanism,market decision mechanism,public management mechanism,coordination mechanism,innovation driven mechanism and so on. |
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