| In the 19th century,Russia was in a era of rapid social transition,the original moral system was on the verge of collapse in this feudal autocratic monarchy country because of two reasons,one was the emergence of a large number of capitalist factors,the other was the belief crisis of the Orthodox Eastern Church, what was worse, the continuing impact of western new ideological trend was accelerating the process.As a world-renowned master of realistic criticism throughout the world, Tolstoy's moral education thought emerged and developed under that background. Tolstoy's moral thoughts were different at different stages of his life. He was not only influenced by Rousseau, Kant,Schopenhauer and other western thinkers, but also learned from oriental philosophers such as Confucius, Lao tze. But in later yeas, Tolstoy suffered from spiritual crisis, which made him believe in Christians, and his understanding of morality established within the Christian framework.There are three aspects of Tolstoy's exploration of morality, that are, the meaning of life,"moral self-improvement" and "do not be violent against evil". The three main themes are built on Tolstoy's latest understanding of religion, and there is close relationship among the three themes. "Moral self-improvement" refers to "little love", that is,how to cultivate the"good" in heart. "Do not be violent against evil" refers to "big love",namely how to eliminate the world of "evil"."little love" is the premise of realizing 'big love",while,exploring the true meaning does ideological preparation of "moral self-improvement" and "do not be violent against evil". Tolstoy's moral education thoughts contain lots of beneficial ingredients about the rich world and the era, it not only had a profound impact on the Russian society, but also has great significance of moral education in our country. But Tolstoy based his moral philosophy on religion, which makes him inevitably ignore the reality of people, that is why it causes limitations. |
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