The Development Of Clan And Village In Jinzhong Area Since Ming And Qing Dynasties

Clan is patriarchal kinship ties of family organization system,the enthusiasm of the research on the clan has rised ceaselessly in academic circles in recent years,the clan researches both from macroscopic and microcosmic angle have achieved certain results.This paper is dedicated to the Niu Shi clan of the Shang'an village in Jinzhong area as the research sample,combining with the relevant theory of history,anthropology,social history and political science methods,through a long period of the Ming and Qing dynasties to the time of the reform and opening-up,relying mainly on NiuShi clan's genealogy,the inscription records and fields oral information and related documents,through sorting the NiuShi clan history,namely the rising,the declining and retreating and renaissance,to explore the forming path of the NiuShi clan and geographical features,and then know the social changes of the village,and then to explore the internal relation of the clan development and the village changes.The first part mainly introduces the purpose and significance of this article,research fields in recent years about the the research status quo of Ming and Qing dynasties clan and the northern clan,especially the Shanxi village clan,and texpounds the research viewpoints of the article and research purposes.The second part,trace the origin of the Niushi clan,show the clan organization construction of inside and outside the the family through the generation official elites of the Niushi clan since Ming and qing dynasties,explain the reasons of the NiuShi family flourishing,the rising of NiuShi family participated in local public affairs,building village.The village became a community and closely linked to the clan.The third part,through some performances present the recession of the NiuShi clan since the late Qing dynasty,such as the decay of official elites,the clan population decrease,and the decentralization of clan organization.Meantiame,according to the recession performances analyse the reasons of the decline of the NiuShi clan.The clan decline along with the changes of the villages at the same time,geographical identity began to replace consanguinity identity,which made the clan and village estranged.The fourth part,under the background of the decline in family,in order to change the plight,the clan members made transformation,mainly in the economic transformation through the business practice.However,because of the subjective and objective conditions,the clan transformation did not change the fate of the clan's decline.In the special period of democratic revolution,clan people focus on destiny of country and clan,relationship between the clan and village was closely again.The fifth part,since the founding of the country,the Niushi clan has Experienced socialist transformation,for instance,the land reform,agricultural collectivization movement,emulating Da-zhai on agriculture,the Great Cultural Revolution and so on.After a temporary retreat,with the development of reform and opening,NiuShi clan revival.The article presents the revival performance and reasons of the NiuShi clan t in this period,and then discusses the new period in village development present situation and prospects the NiuShi clan.