Grave Worship's Ritual And Custom Study In Han Dynasty

Grave worship is a part of the ancienttraditional worship,which has a profound historical background and broad masses of people.With time passed andthe progress of society,many sacrificial rituals fade away,but the grave worship has still preserved,and become the most important sacrificial activities in nowadays.The Han Dynasty is a period of change of ancestral activity,at which time the grave worship gradually absorbed the contents and functions of the temple sacrifice,from a folk-custom rose to a part of national system,and beyond the temple sacrifice,become the most extensive way of worship all over the country.Researching thegraveworship of the Han Dynasty,not only can understand the appearance of the heyday of the grave worship,but also can help us look for the roots of the custom of grave worship.But so far,most of the researches on the grave worship fail to go deep and systematic.Manyresearches about the grave worship are only part of the general ancestor worship studywhile researching the state sacrificial rites especially in the Han Dynasty.The grave worship only be mentioned occasionally in many research of the temple sacrifice,and just be emphasized in study of the Ritual of Mausoleum Worship.When researchingthe folk custom,there are few studies on folk grave worship due to the passage of time and the lack of data.When researching the comparison between grave worship and temple sacrifice,many paper chose the perspective of the grave worship,and concerned about the great changes in the temple sacrifice,while ignoring the status promotion of grave worship during the Han Dynasty.As for the overall study of the graveworship of the Han Dynasty,there are also few systematic study which taking into account the ruling class,the nobility and the civilian.This paper makes a comprehensive study on the grave worship of the Han Dynasty on the basis of collecting the predecessors.This paper is divided into three chapters.On the basis of reviewing and summarizing the current status of the research,the discussion of can be classified as the origin and evolution,content and causes of vicissitude.The first part studied the origin and evolution of the respectively.Before exploring the origins of the grave worship,the meaning of the grave worship should be defined.And then through the research methods of combiningwith literature and archaeological data.The study through the grave worship in the literature,sepulchral architecture and sacrificial pit which be discovered in archaeological work,draw a conclusion that the grave worship hasalready appeared at least in Spring and Autumn Period time.In the discussion of the evolution of grave worship,direct record of the content of grave worship cannot be found almostly cause the lack of literaturedata.The study of evolution before the Han Dynasty,mainly discusses the evolution of the sepulchral architectural relics with archaeological discoveries.And the study of evolution in the Han Dynasty,mainly discusses around the relationships between the temple sacrifice and the grave worship.The second chapter focus on the content of the grave worship in the Han Dynasty.This chapter is divided into three parts,mausoleum worship of emperor,ancestral templeworship of uppernobility,as well as folk grave worship.And discussed the time,the shape and structure,the ritual process,as well as the political and educational function which from different social classes.The third chapteranalysisthe causes why grave worship's status has been improved,the paper combined with different backgrounds,the change of society,political struggle,religious beliefs and the psychological factors,etc.