Global Comparative Analysis And The World Natural Heritage Values Of Huangguoshu Bouyei Cultural Landscape

Cultural Landscape refers to the "common works of human beings and nature".As a new type of heritage,its definition and types have been continuously improved.Due to understand of the initial definition,the distribution of the Cultural Landscape heritage in the global is very uneven.China is a huge country with abundant heritage resources,there is only 5 Cultural Landscape in china.The World Heritage Committee also suggested China to pay more attention on cultural heritage declare,this phenomenon also shows that China’s has a little attention and research on Cultural Landscape.Lack research on the feasibility analysis of "Huangguoshu and Tunpu cultural landscape" declaration and China’s cultural landscape,so the paper choose Gaodang cultural landscape in Huangguoshu region as the research object area.During the October of 2014 to December of 2016,through field research,literature review,comparative analysis and other methods,make research on heritage feature of nomination and heritage’s value through the comparative analysis with the region that has comparability features in the world.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The features of Bouyei Culture LandscapeThrough the research on value of Bouyei culture and village landscape,Get two types on “testimony to a distinctive culture,its way of life or its artifacts” and “Exemplification of skill and scale in construction ” that proposed by ICOMOS.Combined the research on culture and village with “cultural quality” type,get the value of the cultural quality.The Gaodang village is a unit with its environment;it reflected the traditional life of the people in the past 600 years.It’s an outstanding of Chinese architecture.The architectural technology that produced in the formation of the village is an excellent example of village architecture.The cultural landscape of Gaodang village is a village landscape that produced by the Bouyei ethnic groups of karst plateau with its environment.It’s a common works that created by the history of human and nature.Due to conform the requirement of cultural landscape of the world heritage,it has potential to declare.(2)Compared to other similar heritages,the cultural landscapes of Bouyei in Gaodang is Unique.Matching the value of cultural quality of Gaodang with the theme frame that was put forward by ICOMOS,we can conclude that the valuable theme of cultural landscapes in Gaodang village constitutes two aspects in human dwellings and the form of architecture.It belongs the cultural landscape of village.Selecting other similar heritage villages and comparing,we can conclude that the highly combination of the culture of Bouyei people and the height of mountains in Karst formed the typical ways of living of traditional minority.It has the obviously regional features.The layout,appearance and the technology of it has been preserved very well.It is the outstanding representative of the architecture in village.The whole landscape has great value of history and culture.It is the “living fossil” of cultural landscape of ancient village.(3)The criteria and value of the world heritage that Gaodang meet.According to the conclusion of heritage feature research and global comparative analysis of Bouyei culture landscape in Gaodang,and compared with the heritage criteria of the Operational Guidelines for the implement of the World Heritage Convention,it is concluded that the ancient village meets the World Heritage criteria(iv)and(v).The site selection,layout and building structure of the village are very unique.Their material use,architectural design,architectural form have reached a very high level,represented the highest level in traditional dwellings,its defense system,and transport facilities in Ming and Qing Dynasties is highest level.Therefore,meet the criteria(iv).Built in accordance with the mountain,local construction of traditional dwellings and defense system is a traditional model of settlement and land use.Rice paddies,rivers,mountains,constituted the Bouyei production life scenes,are a record of traditional human life.Under the influence of time,economic development,urbanization and so on,the cultural landscape is vulnerable.Therefore,meet the criteria(v).(4)In order to protect the Outstanding Universal Value,integrity and authenticity of Gaodang,the paper put forward a corresponding protection and management requirement.As the rare and irreplaceable wealth,the world heritage is widely recognized as the cultural sites and natural landscapes with prominent meaning and outstanding universal value.The establishment of the world heritage list was to protect human heritage originally.The state and foundation of the nominated properties protection have a direct effect on their success of application and protective effectiveness after being an heritage site.According to the current protection situation and the factors of the sites in Gaodang,the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for the protection of the village landscape were given.