| Wang chuanshan,as a great thinker in the period between Ming and Qing dynasty,there is no conclusion on his status in the academic history of the academic circles,but one thing is certain,which is that he consciously inherited the legacy of the Neo-Confucianism.The consciousness of inheritance comes firstly from the specificity of the times.It seems that the period between Ming and Qing dynasty did not show great specificity compared with the previous dynasties,it has a very profound stimulation to the literati,however,and the degree of stimulation is more than any previous dynasties before.Chuanshan had summarized the characteristic of the era as "hai xi shan yi",which means great changes and reflects turbulent of times and his deep concern regarding the fate of the country.What makes Chuanshan in-depth attention to "ritual",in addition to the background of the times,another important reason is the theoretical resources of the Neo-Confucianism.What manifests the particularity of Chuanshan is the interpretation of the Neo-Confucianism,compared with Huang Zongxi an Gu Yanwu,who are in the early Qing Dynasty.Chuanshan gives high attention to the "Four books"which has been more than Five Classics for Zhu Xi,and this attention is reflected not only the method of interpretation of the classics,but also the return of the whole purpose.We can say that,Chuanshan’s attention to the era has been transformed into his inheritance and development of Neo-Confucianism.In other words,it is that a re-interpretation of the basic problems of Neo-Confucianism provides a reliable guarantee for solving the problem of the times.In the process of the interpretation of the Neo-Confucianism,the purpose of Chuanshan’s thought actually has been reflected,which is a attention to the practice of"reality".He makes a new study on Qi of Zhang Zai at the philosophy level,and proposes the concept of"reality"on the original basis.The importance of’reality"in theory must oppose and reject the kind of empty,unreal,unreal atmosphere in reality.To be able to play a role in the correction of this atmosphere,the most effective medium is the"ritual".With the practice of reality,"ritual"can get rid of this atmosphere which is brought in the end of Ming dynasty in reality,and can also inherit the basic spirit of Confucianism to correct the defects and deficiencies of Neo-Confucianism in theory.The importance of"ritual"makes it with a hub in Chuanshan thought system,and then transforms the"reason"which emphasizes with the Neo-Confucianism to the"ritual"system.In other words,the promoting of the practice and the reality of "ritual" directly determines the "ritual" system.The present of complex transformation process which contains multiple levels and multiple links with a strict logic system forms his"The way of ritual".With the influence of thinking model from the Neo-Confucianism,the investigating of "ritual"system is to start from the philosophy which is the"Qi"that he inherited the thought of Zhang Zai and which is"reason"in the word of the Neo-Confucianism.Difference from the Neo-Confucianism,however,is that Chuan-shan didn’t blindly emphasize"reason is superior than Qi",but implement the role of"reason"to the superiority of"Qi".In other words,he is no longer like the Neo-Confucianism which emphasizes excessively and unilaterally on the"reason"with the legitimacy for the"Qi",instead,he transformed the legitimacy into the"reason"with the effectiveness for the"Qi".The"reason"with the effectiveness is the"ritual"with the practice in reality,which means that,the metaphysical investigation of philosophy is no longer independent in the whole"ritual"system,must be placed in the ethical context of’ritual"to be investigated and understood.The realistic foundation of"Qi"is aim to establish the practice process of"ritual"can be effectively work.Under this premise,the further study of"ritual"system can be opened in five sides:reason motivation,implement principle,virtue condition,practical measures,value orientation.The special social background in period between Ming and Qing dynasty has a very deep stimulation to Chuanshan’s thought and makes him have a theoretical reflection on the reality of social problems,which proposes the opinion of ritual on the difference between human from animal and Chinese from barbarians to achieve the purpose of humanity.As a whole,the function and effect of ritual-system must be reflected in multiple levels.How can make ritual-system accommodating multiple levels and maintaining its overall unity requires a consistent principle to implement it consistently to be guidelines in operation of ritual-system.In order to ensure the effectiveness of the ritual in the process of practice in reality,Chuanshan discussed the principle of ritual.The possibility and necessity of practice of ritual lie in that moral subject has a certain intrinsic virtue.Only those who have a certain sense of moral consciousness can actively practice the code of conduct and guidelines of "ritual",and then make the ritual become a form on expression of life.A study of tactics of ritual means the solution of practical path of ritual,which provides measures of protection to ritual in reality.The value and meaning that ritual-system intend to return is the objective of ritual-system.It shows that,five links inside the ritual-system achieves organic coordination,which will helps promote the ritual-system gradually expand in the whole process of practice from individual mental cultivation to social atmosphere transformation to national political governance,which fully display ethical value of the ritual-system.The study of the way of ritual-system achieved perspective transformation of study on ritual thought of Chuanshan in academic circle at present,which translates the value in theory to dynamic practice value in perspective of ritual-system.The study of the way of ritual-system beyond the abstract thinking,which rises to a practical wisdom from theory and translates to practical value from intellectual virtue to make the study of philosophy can be transformed into the grasp of the real world.Compared with the study on ritual thought of Chuanshan in tradition focus on the ethical theory,ritual-system further highlights the character of ethical practice from static investigation to dynamic practice.Besides,the study of ritual-system attaches importance to the two combination of research methods,one is the combination of native literature and cultural interpretation and one is the combination of metaphysical conception of philosophy and the construction of moral form,which pays more attention to the understanding and interpretation in the perspective of moral construction.The research development of the way of ritual-system is conducive to translate new research direction on study of ritual thought to further explore the special value of ritual and develop the connotation of study on ritual of Chuanshan and broaden new vision of study in theory.Besides,in reality,the research development also can avoid the defects and deficiencies of the modern society which only emphasize the prevention and restriction of legal system and ignore the guidance and promotion of morality,to provide a tradit:ional reference standard for the shaping and forming of modern citizen personality,at the same time,it can also provide effective reference value for government departments to formulate policy guidelines to save the moral decline and moral anomie in contemporary society. |
