The Study Of The Ancient Ru-Sheng Characters Of Zhengzhou Dialect

Zhengzhou dialect belongs to Central Mandarin,the phonological system is not so different from the Putonghua,but the difference between the evolution of the ancient Ru-sheng characters of Zhengzhou dialect and Putonghua is obvious,which is an important basis that makes Zhengzhou dialect different from other dialects in Mandarin Area.There are two groups in Zhengzhou dialect,the Old Group and the Young Group,and their pronunciations are different,and the evolution of the ancient Ru-sheng characters is also different.In Zhengzhou dialect,there are some distinctions on the tones classifying of the ancient Ru-sheng characters in terms of age.The Aged represent the Old Group,the tones classifying of the ancient Ru-sheng characters obviously distinguish from Putonghua.The Middle Aged are in a transition stage,on one hand,they are affected by the Old Group dialect,on the other hand,they are also influenced by the Young Group dialect,so this group have many different readings of one character.The Young are on behalf of the Young Group,through the investigation of Zhengzhou dialect,it turns out that the Young's pronunciation on the tones classifying of the ancient Ru-sheng characters is changing,and the majority of the ancient Ru-sheng characters have already changed.From the point of view of Sociolinguistics,Language is a dynamic and open system,"heterogeneous and orderly" is its basic language view,"variation depending on person" and "having rules to follow".The Age Differences will make language users pronounce different pronunciations.Through the comprehensive investigation of the tones of the ancient Ru-sheng characters of the Aged,the Middle Aged and the Young of Zhengzhou dialect,and then make a comparison with Putonghua,it is found that the tones classifying of the ancient Ru-sheng characters in different ages of Zhengzhou dialect are obviously different.Because of the influence of Putonghua,the evolution of Zhengzhou dialect is moving to the direction of Putonghua.The variation of the tones classifying is accompanied by the evolution of the initials and the finals,or the evolution of the initials and the finals could cause the change of the tones.The evolution of the ancient Ru-sheng characters in Zhengzhou dialect is based on a unit of a character.It is changing in the three generations gradually.In terms of the type of sound change,it is a discrete sound change--the displacement of sound;In terms of the reason of sound change,it is closely related with Putonghua.Through the alternation of the tones,initials and fianls,It is changing to the direction of Putonghua by the way of literary and colloquial readings and.The literary and colloquial readings is a common phenomenon in Modern Chinese Dialect.For Zhengzhou dialect,the literary reading is from Putonghua,and the colloquial reading is native pronunciation in this dialect,they have different styles.Once the literary reading emerges in one dialect,it could come with competiton between literary and colloquial readings.Because most literary readings are from Putonghua,the competition usually ends up with the result that the literary reading wins and the colloquial fails.This paper through a comprehensive study of the phonological system and the tones change of the ancient Ru-sheng characters in different ages of Zhengzhou dialect,we find that the dialect of Zhengzhou is evolving rapidly,and Putonghua is an important external factor to promote its evolution.This is the result of popularizing Putonghua and the inevitable result of language contact.