| G.A.Cohen is a representative figure who analyzed Marxism.he believed in historical materialism in his early days.after the two classical predictions of Marxism faded away their ideal colors,G.A.Cohen tried to defend Marxism,especially socialism,with an equal philosophy.This article from the controversial issues-Marx’s support for justice criticism or against justice criticism-to sort out,so this article starts from the debate about Marxism justice.It is Nozick,the representative of liberalism,who challenges Marxist justice,so the second part mainly responds to Nozick’s challenge.Only response is not enough,then the third part is to discuss G.A.Cohen’s construction of socialist justice theory.From the chapter 1 of Marx and justice criticism of the debate can be seen,Marx criticized the general concept of rights and justice,that justice can only be achieved in an environment beyond justice.Marx envisioned the communist society has beyond the nature of justice,Marx himself predicted that the communist society will come.However,Marx’s two predictions about the prospect of equality began to fade,so that G.A.Cohen also lost confidence in " Marx’s two predictions about the prospect of equality".Nozick’s " self-ownership" principle,the representative of liberalism,also poses a threat to Marxist justice.In this context,how to refute Nozick to defend Marxist justice? How to defend socialism under the scarce conditions,and strengthen people’s confidence in socialism in front of the socialists.The chapter 2 is G.A.Cohen’s response to Nozick’s challenge based on Marxism.Refuting Nozick " chamberlain argument" and " self-ownership" proposition.Nozick put forward " chamberlain argument" is mainly to show that socialism must obstruct freedom.G.A.Cohen responded that capitalism,not socialism,was the real obstacle to freedom.The refutation of the proposition of " self-ownership" is carried out in such a way that the refutation of respect for " self-ownership" will inevitably lead to inequality.Point out that " self-ownership" principle if combined with " the outside world is people’s joint ownership",Nozick said widespread inequality can be avoided.G.A.Cohen defended socialism after responding well to the challenge from Nozick.Then there is the question of building communism(socialism).The chapter 3 discusses the construction of socialist justice theory under the condition of scarcity.The failure of Marx’s two big predictions,make people have to face a real problem-the future is a scarce society(even if Marx’s two big predictions can make new,human will experience a long-term scarce society).G.A.Cohen’s explanation of scarcity is also expressed from two angles of material abundance and productivity.To achieve justice in a scarce society,two principles are needed-the principle of equal opportunity and the principle of community.How to ensure the smooth operation of the socialist society after it is established under the scarce conditions? G.A.Cohen called it a feasibility issue.G.A.Cohen believes that the biggest problem is the social organization technology,namely the program problem.Although " we know now that we don’t know how to do these things",but G.A.Cohen believes that at least from a theoretical point of view,socialism is feasible,should strengthen confidence,build socialism.Although G.A.Cohen demonstrated the desirability and desirability of socialism,his proposal is reflective in nature and not directly operable,but it cannot be denied its guiding role in social development.G.A.Cohen makes justice stand out in Marxist ideology.his socialist theory under the background of scarcity has positive significance for us to build a prosperous market economy and a harmonious socialist society. |
