| The thesis takes "mǎn+N+X” in Chinese as the study object and divides it into three main categories according to the view of image schema: I,II and Ⅲ.Sometimes there are some grammatical components between "full +N" and "X".But except special "de",they usually do not affect classification.In these categories,category I is close to the existential structure.Whether or not there is a real existencial relationship,we use the container schema.If there is a real existencial relationship,it basically corresponds to the static existential sentence with "shí" and "zhe".Category II has a big change in image schema compared to Category I,and basically no longer has the existential relationship.The image schema of Category III is very different from Category I and II which is a schema indicating the path of the motion of the object.Here we need to introduce three terms first.One of them is mobile or static objects which we use TR(trajactor)to represent and another is the the background in a movement environment which we use LM(landmark)to represent.And the last one P is used to represent the moving path(path).Category Ⅰ is typical "mǎn +N+X" in which both LM and TR exist.LM is N in structure and TR is a noun in X or X.TR is full of LM with a quantitative advantage and p=0.Category Ⅱ can be divided into four categories: a,b,c d.Category a still has a certain connection with Category Ⅰ in image schema.The other categories are a little complex but in conclusion the situation is that LM or TR may retreat and because of it whether P exists has no meaning.In Category Ⅲ,N is still the LM.TR exists as the moving subject but TR does not appear in the structure itself.In addition,what’s sepcial is that obviously P >0.We believe that the original "mǎn" has mainly two semantic orientations,containers and filling things,and three semantic features which are [+container],[+filling],[+filling things].After the change of image schema from category Ⅰ to category Ⅱ,Ⅲ,on the whole,the semantic orientations change from two to one and the semantic features are changed into [+ container],[+ all range] or [+filling things],[+all range].The spatial accommodation of N is weakened and the whole structure has shifted from spatial domain to scope domain or from emphasizing "state" to emphasizing "process".All these cogntive changes can be associated with the change of parts of speech of " mǎn ".In Category I,II,and III,there are some idomatic "mǎn +N+X".There are metaphor and metonymy happening to them and most of them belong to less typical existential structures in Category I.Only a few idomatic "mǎn +N+X" belongs to Category II and III.These structures have obvious positive or negative emotional tendency This is associated with the semantic features of " mǎn" and the semantic abstraction after occurrence of metaphor and metonymy. |
