The Study Of The Standpoint Of The Author In News Discourse Of Russian Newspapers

According to the traditional view of Journalism and Media Linguistics,the news discourse of newspaper should provide with a high degree of objectivity,and it should not contain a sensible subjective color.However,with the rapid development of the contemporary mass media,newspapers,as one of traditional media,have been greatly impacted by new media including the Internet.Against this backdrop,newspapers adopt active reform and innovation relying on their own information rigorousness and wide-spread audience basis,which have undergone major changes from form to content.One of the noteworthy features is that the subjectivity of the author—the standpoint of the author—is fully demonstrated in the news discourse.Nowadays,there is an increasing tendency among scholars to believe,that the standpoint of the author can be reflected through news discourse in a potential or explicit manner.Nevertheless,the literature research shows,that there are few papers explore the standpoint of the author among Russian newspapers from the perspective of linguistic rhetoric,according which this thesis has established the topic.Applying multiple research methods as classified description,text analysis and data statistics,and depending on relevant theories of Russian rhetoric and linguistics,this thesis conducts an initial exploration into how the standpoint of the author is expressed in the news discourse of Russian newspapers from several linguistic levels.The examples analyzed in the thesis are selected from Russian mainstream newspapers during the period of 2017 to 2018,including Izvestia,Komsomolskaya Pravda,Trud and Novaya Gazeta.The thesis consists of an introduction,three chapters of the main body,conclusions and references.The significance of this study mainly lies in:systematically studying the linguistic rhetoric methods used to express the author's subjectivity in the news discourse of Russian newspapers,which can enrich the dimension of studies on speech genre,corroborate and develop the related theories of functional rhetoric in Russian.In addition,the thesis can also act as a reference for studying the language features of the news discourse of newspapers in different target languages and the subjectivity of news writers.From the perspective of expressiveness,the standpoint of the author refers to that during the news creation,the author enriches the news with enhanced language interest and readability in various ways so as to achieve the subjective purpose of attracting readers.At the lexical level,the author often uses abbreviations and new words.The use of abbreviations can save space to make texts more concise,increasing readers' reading efficiency.In addition,the creation of homonymous abbreviations could produce a tacit effect or an atmosphere of pretending to be puzzled,which will effectively attract readers' attention.The use of new words is mainly to present new things and phenomena to readers,enhances the sense of fashion and conveys information at the same time.From the syntactic aspect,the most common methods include direct speech and oral sentences.Among them,the former provides readers a space,where they can communicate face-to-face with persons concerned in the news in an invisible manner,which can enormously strengthen the credibility of the information.Meanwhile,oral sentences will not only make the news language more accessible and understandable,but also enhance the rhythm of expression.On the rhetorical level,the author is good at using rhetorical devices to make the news language more vivid and more attractive.The customary rhetoric can increase the reader's familiarity and intimacy,and fresh simile,personification,metaphor,periphrasis and etc.can give news discourse fascinating enchantments.Furthermore,symbolic means is also often used by authors to strengthen the expressiveness of news discourse.The use of parentheses,ellipses,and dashes to break conventional usage often complement the content and provide hints and delusions to the reader.From the perspective of emotional evaluation,the standpoint of the author refers to the author's attitudes,opinions and arguments reflected in the news discourses through various means.At the lexical level,the choice of nouns,adjectives,adverbs,etc.can indicate the subjective attitude of the author in the creation of news discourse;the special pragmatic function of discourse words will enhance the intense emotional effect of the news discourses.From the syntactic aspect,the author can independently express his own emotional evaluations through parenthesis,while the use of subjunctive mood will highlight the author's subjective desire.Meanwhile,the predicate adverbs with a meaning of emotional evaluation are also significantly used by the author to present the standpoint.Moreover,direct speech embodies the authors'emotional evaluations mainly through the citation of speech content,the choice of reporting verbs and the description of the news source.On the rhetorical level,using the first-person and second-person expressions to create a dialogue atmosphere is an important tool for the author to express emotional evaluation,which can imperceptibly exert linguistic influence on readers and guide them to accept authors'viewpoints.Irony is a major tone for the author to express personal emotional evaluation.In order to convey the standpoint of irony,the author uses metaphor,modifier,rhetorical question and other devices to deliver such assessment.The use of symbolic means,especially double quotation marks,has the function of expressing emotional evaluations of antiphrasis,irony and negative standpoint.It is believed that the standpoint of the author is prevalent in the news discourse of Russian newspapers and has a rich form of manifestation.It aims to increase the attractiveness of language expression and strengthen subjectivity of the author.The innovation of the thesis consists in the systematic induction and summary of the expressions of the position of authors of Russian newspaper news discourse,and the reflection of the standpoint of the author focused on the two complementary aspects of expressiveness and emotional evaluation.As the research scope includes various linguistic levels as vocabulary,morphology,rhetoric,writing symbols and etc.,this thesis makes a comprehensive and integrate exploration of the standpoint of the author in news discourse of newspapers.