Characteristics Of Cognitive Reappraisal Of Three Types Of Ruminators

Cognitive reappraisal(CR),as an emotion regulation strategy,is a reinterpretation of a situation that evokes certain emotions.Rumination refers to the spontaneous,repetitive thinking about the causes,consequences,and symptoms of one's negative affect.In recent years,the relationship between CR and rumination has been studied by some scholars,but there is no consistent conclusion about whether rumination has impact on CR.Furthermore,there is no research on positive rumination and CR.The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics and differences of CR among the three types of ruminators(positive ruminator,negative ruminator,low ruminator),in order to understand the impact of rumination on CR.The study consisted of three parts:In Study 1,the questionnaire survey was used to explore the CR tendencies of three types of ruminators,and the relationship between ruminator types and mental health indicators such as depression and anxiety and CR was verified.In Study 2,participants were instructed to use three strategies(viewing,CR,instructed rumination)to regulate negative emotion induced by pictures,so we could explore the effects of three emotion regulation strategies.In Study 3,reaction time on color-word Stroop task of three types of ruminators after viewing or CR was compared to explore the cognitive costs for CR.The results are as follows:1.Positive ruminators had the highest level of mental health whereas negative ruminators had the lowest one.And CR was positively correlated with optimism and life satisfaction,and negatively correlated with depression and pessimism.2.Positive ruminators had higher CR tendency than the other two types of ruminators,and there was no significant difference between the latter two.3.CR was an effective emotion regulation strategy for all three types of ruminators,however,in contrast,the effect was better for positive ruminators and poorer for negative ones.4.After CR,the reaction time on Stroop task of positive and negative ruminators was shorter than that of low ruminators,indicating that the low ruminators cost more cognitive resources than others.All the results demonstrate that rumination will influence CR.Specifically,positive ruminators are good at using CR,and they use this strategy frequently in everyday life;whereas negative and low ruminators have their own deficiencies in the effects and cognitive costs of CR.