The Duality Of Foreignizing Translation:Manipulation & Resistance To Manipulation

All translations are the manipulation or rewriting of the source text out of certain purposes,during which the translators would be influenced and constrained by ideology,poetics and patronage factors.According to this core view of Manipulation School,foreignizing translation,one of translation choices,is certainly the manipulation of the original.This connection between manipulation and foreignizing has already been dealt with by some scholars.Meanwhile,foreignizing translation which emphasizes the difference and foreignness to innovate in dominant culture is also the means to resist manipulation.In this case,this thesis puts forward and tries to analyze and prove that foreignizing translation manipulates the source text and also exerts resistance to the manipulation.In the research,the characteristics of foreignizing theory is analyzed,the connection between the two theories is explored,and it is found that the two theories can be complemented with each other to expose the essence of translation.This integrated study may deepen the understanding of the nature of translation theory and methods and let us recognize the guidelines of the translating patterns and their universals,so the project may be a supplement of translation study.This research,taking foreignizing translation as the research subject and manipulation as the research perspective,uses descriptive research method to analyze the manipulation-exerted and manipulation–resisted means of foreignizing,with the case study on Shehui tongquan(1903),Yan Fu’s translation of A History of Politics(1900).Firstly,the essence and core concepts of the two theories are analyzed to put forward the theoretical hypothesis that foreignizing translation is both manipulation and resistance to manipulation.Then the theoretical supporting details of this assumption are discussed in terms of Venuti’s foreignizing theory.Finally,the case study of Yan Fu’s version of A History of Politics is carried out to demonstrate how the foreignizing translator,Yan Fu,is constrained by the three manipulation factors to rewrite the foreign text while resists the manipulation with his subjectivity.Through the analysis of theory and practice,what we have recognized has explanation power and validity.Foreignizing translators are affected by ideology,poetics and patronage parameters to manipulate the source text;meanwhile,the translation strategies and ethics advocated by foreignizing translation require that the translator resists and innovates in the dominant culture and its values.So foreignizing translation is both the manipulation of the original text and the resistance to manipulation;while foreignizing translators,who are affected by the three manipulation factors,resist the mainstream culture,consequently,both passivity and subjectivity are reflected in translators themselves.