A Phonological Study Of Kaifeng County Dialect

Based on fieldwork,this paper makes a detailed report of the phonological system and all kinds of phonologicals change in Kaifeng county dialect.This paper analyzes the variant pronunciation in Kaifeng County dialect,especially between the young and the old,and argues that the variant pronunciation between the young and the old changes the phonological system of Kaifeng County dialect.The variant pronunciation between the young and the old in Kaifeng County dialect because of the Shengmu is internal adjustment of the phonological system,while the variant pronunciation between the young and the old because of the Yunmu will increase or decrease the number of phonemes in Kaifeng County dialect.Secondly,the phonological system of 11 towns in Kaifeng county was investigated,and the overall phonological appearance of Kaifeng dialect was demonstrated.According to the modern pronunciation of Yunmu in Kaifeng County Dialect,the county dialect is divided into four types:the urban type,the Chengguan type,the central type,and the Northern type.This paper discusses the Yunmu"?"from Jia-kai-san-zhixi(????????????)and Xian-kai-san-zhixi-rusheng andshan-kai-san-zhixirusheng(??????????????),and think that the Yunmu"?"is the retention of previous pronunciation and it is in accordance with the phonology of Kaifeng City in the early twentieth Century.The Yunmu"?"of these words,moreover,was a change after twentieth Century.In the past hundred years,a part of the words pronounced as Yunmu"?"in Kaifeng dialect(including Kaifeng City and Kaifeng County)has changed and join in the Yunmu"?"in the modern Kaifeng Dialect.Thirdly,the sandhi in Kaifeng County is described in detail,including the sandhi of the disyllable words,the trisyllabic words,duplication and some special sandhi.Among them,some word groups have special format,because the sandhi of them is related to the structure of the word group.For example,when the former two words can form meaningful two character group,the 444 word group follow a rule oftonal variety,and when the later two words can form meaningful two word groups,the 444 word group follow the other one.This paper describes the variation of Shengmu and Yunmu and analyzes the differences of the "er" suffixation between the old and the young and the tendency of the "er" suffixation of the family name and place name in Kaifeng County.The whole situation of "suffix-zi" in Kaifeng County is investigated,and the "suffix-zi" of Kaifeng County is divided into two types: end with "U" and end with "?".The "suffix-zi" of Kaifeng county dialect is not only end with "U",and there is the "suffix-zi" end with "?" in some areas of Kaifeng County.