Security Privatization And Privatization Of Maritime Security In Southeast Asia

As a result of the "marriage" of security and privatization in the era of globalization,the trend of security privatization becomes more and more a phenomenon that can't be ignored in the practice of international relations.In history,security privatization is a universal norm rather than an exception.And security privatization is mainly manifested in acts of violence by private actors.But after 1648,the nation and the national army appeared,and the concept of state.sovereignty has gradually lodged itself in the public mind,therefore,security privatization once disappeared in long time.Security privatization has risen again in 1990s.Its reemergence is the inevitable result of the liberal revolution and privatization wave;it is also a direct response under the new historical conditions of all kinds of new security threats;it is not only motivated by the security concept of paradigm shift,but also reflects social and cultural norms change.Security privatization which includes top-down and bottom-up serves a range of international actors,and has a complex relationship with states,and also has diverse means and purpose.According to the level of the degree of private and practical means of differences,it has two operation mechanisms comprising of extreme privatization and national functional delegation,and has four kinds of practice including mercenaries,non-state armed groups,private military companies and private security companies.With the vigorous development of the global security,it has a great impact on the world security situation,which is reflected in the aspects of security governance,moral ethics and international law.With the process of security privatization after the Cold War,the scope of security privatization has been further expanded.The advancement of globalization,the increase of non-traditional security threats and the prosperity of global maritime trade,which all make this phenomenon from land to sea.Global maritime security privatization covers in all levels,form global level,country level to and regions.International Maritime Organization and the international business organizations,western developed countries and even China all tend to use the cheap private security services to protect maritime security.Its prosperity is the result of many factors:global maritime security situation and security agenda for the new changes after 911 terrorist attack stimulated this;rampant piracy in Somalia provided a key background for its growth;and security needs of the global market for maritime safety also contributed to its prosperity;the change of attitude of Western countries and business shipping association,the International Maritime Organization can't be ignored.In this situation,a large number of private maritime security companies have emerged.Specific to the Southeast Asia,the main actors of governance are multiplying and the trend of security privatization is becoming increasingly prominent.Riding on the two inexorable trends,private security companies proliferate and thrive.Private security companies in Southeast Asia are mainly two categories:exogenous private security companies and endogenous private security companies.According to the reality of Southeast Asian countries,exogenous private security companies are still major players.There are three reasons for an exogenous private security company to participate in maritime security governance in South East Asia:fundamental trend of diversification of international security agents;piracy and maritime terrorism in Southeast Asia;domestic reform in Southeast Asia countries.Private security companies take part in the pros and cons in maritime security governance in Southeast Asia.On the one hand,because of their own advantages and characteristics,private security companies in Southeast Asia have gradually become a new actor of governance and play a different role from others in regional security and governance.On the other hand,private security companies also give rise to new troubles,including challenging the state monopoly of violence,excessive use of violence,and unruly behavior,to name just a few.Therefore,it is necessary and urgent to strengthen the regulation,guidance,supervision,and evaluation of private security companies.We should bring private security companies into the Asia-Pacific new security architecture and make it work together with the state to play a supporting role in security governance,and maintain regional security and stability.