Study On Environmental Benefits Evaluation Of Government Green Public Procurement In China

Green public procurement is on the premise of protecting environment and saving resources,it's a kind of activity that governments and public institutes use public financial capital to purchase goods,engineering and services.Public procurement scale is big that the average annual purchases account for 10% of GDP,and it has even much higher proportion in some developed countries.Therefore,governmental green public procurement has a considerable positive impact on the country's sustainable development.On one hand,it encourages domestic enterprises produce more environmental friendly and energy saving products.On the other hand,governments and public institutes must purchase environmental labeling products to ensure that the use of products is energy-conserving and environment-protecting.Governmental green public procurement can effectively alleviate the problems of environmental pollution and resources shortage that we are facing the global environmental problems;therefore,conducting the environmental benefits assessment of governmental green public procurement is of great significance.Firstly,the present development situation of governmental green public procurement and the experiences of the evaluation of environmental benefits of governmental green public procurement's in some main developed countries such as the United States,the European Union,Japan and South Korea was carded in this study,and was compared with that in China.Then,the theories,principles and methods used to evaluate environmental benefit of the green public procurement were summarized.Secondly,the research boundary of governmental green public procurement products was defined.Then,the according to life-cycle theory,evaluation index for governmental green public procurement products was used to analyze the procuring products' influence on environment in different life stages.And,based on the data of four kinds of procurement products such air-container,car,computer and laptop from 2009 to 2013,the three cities such as Tianjin,Lanzhou and Qinhuangdao were taken as the case study.Finally,the shortcomings and its causes about the governmental green public procurement environmental benefit assessment in China were pointed out,and the corresponding and developmental advises that can be used to promote this situation.The main results of this study are as follow:(1)The development experience of government green procurement in developed countries has some obvious characteristics,including perfect laws and regulations,government support,the development and application of ecological labels and the implementation of electronic procurement,which can provide reference for the development of government green public procurement and environmental benefits assessment.(2)The main basic theory used to evaluate environmental benefits of government green public procurement include the externality theory,the green supply chain theory,the sustainable development theory and the stakeholder theory,and the principles include efficiency principle,fair competition principle,transparency principle,non-discrimination principle,honesty principle,environmental strategy principle,integral benefit principle and operability principle.The main method used in environmental assessment with the analytic hierarchy process(AHP),the clean production analysis,product life cycle cost evaluation method and two-dimensional matrix analysis method,"target figure" method,they all have their own advantages and disadvantages.Among the different methods evaluating environmental benefits of government green public procurement product,simple two-dimensional matrix method combined with life cycle theory is likely to be effective and feasible method and it can be tried in China(3)From 2009 to 2013,Tianjin achieves 171,197.9 tons of CO2 emission reduction,66,494.53 thousand kw·h of electric energy,saving 45,610.4 tons of gasoline,saving 93,973.94 tons of coal;Lanzhou achieves 32,463.95 tons of CO2 emission reduction,saving 24,956.5 thousand kw·h of electric energy,saving 2,279.15 tons of gasoline,saving 14,934.83 tons of coal;Qinhuangdao 37,294.36 tons of CO2 emission reduction,saving 27,464.5 thousand kw·h of electric energy,saving 4,287.85 tons of gasoline,saving 17,404.97 tons of coal.In addition,the environmental contribution of government green public procurement is related to the development level of the city and the implementation of policy.With the rise of procurement level,the procurement amount of commodities such as cars will decline.(4)The environmental benefits assessment of government green public procurement in China has some shortcomings and problems,including lacking of perfect legal support,unsound evaluation mechanism,limited evaluation index,lacking of evaluation technology,lacking of related staff knowledge reserves,so the related technical and managerial measures should be strengthened.