A Study Of Engels' Late Natural View

The dialectical materialist view of nature is an important component of Marx's Philosophy,and its basic idea has been proposed by Marx and Engels in the beginning of the creation of Marxist philosophy,but its systematization is initially completed by Engels in the late of 1870 s.Engels' “Dialectics of Nature” and “Anti-Dühring” are important symbol of the dialectical materialist view of nature preliminary to systematically establishing.There are various explanations and interpretations in the study of Engels' late natural view,which has played an extremely important role in promoting people's understanding and dissemination of Marx's Philosophy,but there are also some misunderstanding and misinterpretation.So,this article returns to Engels' text of the natural concept in his later years,combined with the division of Marx and Engels,and objectively analyzes its natural view.It is of great significance to carry out an in-depth study of Engels' natural outlook in his later years and to make appropriate evaluation,and it is also important to promote the understanding and interpretation of the whole Marxist philosophy.This article mainly elaborates and analyzes Engels' natural outlook in his later years from five aspects.Chapter One,it clarifies the main problems to be solved in order to construct the Marxist view of nature in Engels' later years.(1)It is necessary to further clarify the line between the Marxist view of nature and the old view of naturalism,including the ancient view of nature and modern metaphysics;(2)it needs to make a natural summary of the new achievements by the natural sciences and the philosophy and social sciences;(3)Marx and Engels did not focus on discussing the view of nature in the early days,so it needs to elaborate on the Marxist view of nature comprehensively.Chapter two,it illustrates specific methods of constructing the natural view in Engels' later years.The method of construction of Engels' natural view is essentially the same as Marx's construction of the natural view.Engels made a more concrete play,which can be summarized as practice critical method,dialectical analysis method,holistic approach and historical analysis method.Chapter three,it analyzes the elements of Engels' late natural view.The components of Engels late natural view mainly includes that:(1)the logical starting point is that labor can create human history;(2)the ideological intermediary is natural science and modern industrial technology;(3)the theoretical core is the bidirectional interaction between natural history and human history on the basis of practice;(4)the thinking frame is a unified relationship between man,nature,society and their historical development mechanism;(5)the theoretical goal is to improve the Marxist philosophy as a world view.Chapter Four,it excavates and generalizes the basic content of Engels' late natural view.The contents mainly include the relationship between nature and human nature,the relationship between nature and people and their activities,the relationship between nature and social history,the relationship between nature and the natural sciences.Chapter Five,it makes an appropriate evaluation of the contributions and deficiencies of Engels' late natural view.The main contribution of Engels' late natural view displays in that:(1)it highlights and emphasizes the importance of dialectical thinking in the understanding of nature;(2)it further reveals the picture of nature linked with human society;(3)it perfects the Marxist natural view from the perspective of the unity of materialism and dialectics.However its deficiency is mainly manifested as that:(1)Engels' natural views are not accurate enough on some ways;(2)Engels' some interpretations of Marx's philosophical ideas are somewhat simplified,which is one of the important reasons why people misunderstood the Marxist natural view.