The Research On Marx's Theory Of Civil Society In “German Ideology”

Civil society is not only a critical concept in the history of modern western thought,but also an important component of Marx theory system.The civil society theory in "German Ideology" is the maturity mark of the civil society theory in Marx,which is a key issue of research and discussion for the domestic and foreign Marxists.The content of Marx's civil society theory is greatly enriched in a certain degree by the relevant researches of domestic and foreign scholars.However,there is one-sidedness in understanding the meanings,nature,functions and forms of civil society due to the failure in consciously grasping the new theoretical premise of "realistic individual" based on the civil society theory of "German Ideology".Therefore,this paper takes "civil society theory in 'German Ideology' " as the topic of the research,and tries to start from the original text of "German Ideology" to grasp the new premise of "realistic individual" in the research of civil society theory in "German Ideology" for realizing the in-dept research of the ideological origins,basic viewpoints,theoretical innovation and contemporary development of the civil society theory in "German Ideology" with the above bases.The main viewpoints of this paper are as follows.1.Modern Atomic Theory and Holism,the civil society thought before "German Ideology" was the ideological source of civil society theoretical research of "German Ideology".2.In the "German Ideology",Marx and Engels established the meaning and nature of "realistic individual" scientifically,and based it as the foundation of the existence and development of civil society.Starting from the "realistic individual","German Ideology" scientifically defined the connotation,nature and status of civil society,and analyzed the foundation and characteristics of civil society in capitalist and communism,as well as established a systematic theoretical system of civil society.3.The civil society theory in "German Ideology" was not only the transcending of modern civil society thought,but also the development and surpassing of Marx's civil society thought before "German Ideology",which was mainly reflected as the following aspects.a.From "abstract individual" to "realistic individual" in the understanding on the premise of the civil society.b.From the separation of nature and history to the unification of nature and history in the understanding on the meaning and nature of civil society.c.From the capitalism to all social forms in the understanding on the content and scope of the civil society.4.Socialism with Chinese characteristics has inherited and developed the civil society theory in "German Ideology." Socialism with Chinese characteristics has mainly inherited the thoughts of "realistic individual" premise in "German ideology",and civil society being the basis of history,as well as socialist public ownership.The development of "German ideology" by socialism with Chinese characteristics is mainly reflected in the primary stage of socialism,the theory of socialist market economy,the overall layout of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics and so on.