The Study Of The Development And The Influence Of France's Main Trotskiste Parties After The Cold War

The Trotskyist faction was the outcome of the struggle of the two factions,led by Stalin and Trotsky,in the Communist Party of Russia in the 1920 s.After the defeat of the Left-wing opposition,which was led by Trotsky,Trotsky was forced to begin exile in 1929.During this period,Trotsky contacted the French supporters several times,and in April 1930 planned to establish a Trotskyist organization in France,called "Communist League"(Ligue communiste).Since then,France has become the most active area of the Trotskyist organization movement.After 1968,trotskyism gradually developed into a social trend and a social movement in France.After the Cold War,the French Trotskyist movement was greatly impacted,and many Trotskyist organizations dissolved or joined other political parties and the survived Trotskyist organization also went through a large number of attrition and had changed in theory.In addition to the Lutte Ouvri�re(Workers' Struggle)who still claims to inherit Trotsky's thought,the other main Trotskyist parties in France have gradually abandoned the idea of single belief in Trotsky,but advocated more pluralistic thoughts and theories.However,the current mainstream media and academia in France still refer to these party organizations collectively as the Trotskyist parties.In addition to the introduction and conclusion,the text is divided into four parts.Chapter II introduces the development course of France's main Trotskyist parties in the complex international context after the Cold War.This chapter is divided into three sections:the first section mainly analyzes the impact of the disintegration of the Soviet union on the French Trotskyist parties;in the second section,a detailed description of the development process of the three major Trotskyist parties of France in the post-cold war :Nouveau Parti anticapitaliste(The New Anticapitalist Party),Lutte Ouvri�re(Workers' Struggle),lambertistes;the third Section studies the current organizational characteristics of the three main Trotskyist parties from the perspective of geographical distribution,social occupational distribution of party members and the proportion of men and women.Chapter III mainly discusses the theoretical propositions of the three major parties.There are three sections in this chapter: sectionI deals with the critical theories of the French capitalist system-mainly includes the views of the three main parties on the capitalist financial crisis,women's rights,ecological environment and imperialist war;sectionII is to study the criticism on the theory of �R�volution par �tapes'(party's staged revolution);section III focuses on Nouveau Parti anticapitaliste's socialist theory of the 21 st century.Chapter IV details the organization and activities of the main three parties.This chapter includes four sections: In the first section,the organizational structure is analyzed in detail from five aspects-absorption training of party members,party's discipline,central and local organizational structure;section two the rules of procedure of the party,fiscal revenue and expenditure;the third section analyzes their regional influence and social class influence in France through the political participation;section IV analyzes the organization form of Trotskyist parties in mobilizing and participating in the social movement.Chapter V comprehensively analyzes the present predicament and future challenges of the main Trotskyist parties.There are three sections in this chapter: the first section analyzes the realistic predicament of the development of the French Trotskyist parties from several aspects-party member identification,the intergenerational transmission of trotskyism,opration of Inner-party democracy,numerous and messy branches in the Trotskyist parties;in the second section,by comparing the differences between the theoretical outline,the mode of activity and the development strategies,the paper studies the reasons for the fragmentation of French Trotskyist parties;section three elaborates the threat of the rapidly rising ultra-leftist populism to the French Trotskyist parties since the financial crisis of 2008.The last part is the conclusion of this study.After the Cold War,under the influence of the complicated and changeable internal and external political environment,the theory,organization characteristics and structure,mode of movement of the main Trotskyist parties in France,have been changed.At present,the Trotskyist parties in France still face great realistic challenges,like the theoretical transition,power integration and grassroots voter support.