| PurposeGood health-related physical fitness in childhood and adolescence is an important condition for the future development of physical and mental health.Because childhood and adolescence is in the rapid stage of physical development and growth,the changes of the body shape and body function reflect the characteristics of phases and continuity,we should understand health-related physical fitness of children and adolescents in the perspective of dynamic analysis,in order to grasp easily the development trend and characteristics of health-related physical fitness among children and adolescents.In this study,we conducted a health-related physical fitness test for children aged 7-18 years in Shanghai from 2013 to 2016,and conducted a questionnaire survey on their living habits and health status.We collected the health-related physical fitness and its influence factors among children and adolescents in Shanghai,in order to explore the characteristics and dynamic changes of health-related physical fitness of children and adolescents in Shanghai,grasp the influencing factors of health-related physical fitness among children and adolescents in Shanghai,further enrich the existing research on health-related physical fitness of children and adolescents,and provide a certain scientific basis to enhance the health of children and adolescents in practice.MethodsThis study extracted four consecutive four years from 2013 to 2016(2013,male 1152,female 1156;2014,male 1200,female 1200;2015,male 1200,female 1200;2016,male 1200 and female 1200)aged 7-18 students in Shanghai city as the research sample,the total sample was 9508.Using physical fitness test and questionnaire survey,we carried out the physical fitness test,living habits and health status survey.The LMS method was used to compare the BMI P50 with the WHO P50 curve.We assessed the health-related physical fitness of subjects,using the following methods:the body composition(waist circumference,BMI),muscle strength(handgrip strength and standing long jump),muscle endurance(30 seconds sit-ups),flexibility(modified sit and reach)and cardiorespiratory fitness(20-m shuttle run),then we compared longitudinally the health-related physical fitness test results and further explore the factors that affected health-related physical fitness among children and adolescents.Results(1)With respect to body composition,there was a increasing tread in waist circumference among children and adolescents aged 7-18 in Shanghai.(67.9cm,boys,62.8cm,girls,in 2013;69.9cm,boys,64.1cm,girls;in 2016).The differences were statistically significant(P<0.001);Compared with the suburbs,boys in urban were significantly larger in the waist circumference than in the suburbs from 2013 to 2015,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001),while the girls waist circumference was no significant difference.The BMI of children and adolescents aged 7-18 in Shanghai increased from 19.5kg/m2 for boys and 18.4kg/m2 for girls in 2013 to 19.9kg/m2 for boys and 18.9kg/m2 for girls in 2016 respectively.The differences were statistically significant(P<0.01);Urban areas compared with the suburbs,urban boys in 2014 and 2015 BMI are greater than the suburbs,urban girls in 2013 BMI less than suburbs,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents aged 7-18 in Shanghai were increased from 27.2%(17.2%overweight,10.0%obesity)for boys and 13.3%(9.2%overweight,4.1%obesity)for girls in 2013 to 30.2%(16.7%overweight,13.5%obesity)for boys and 16.4%(9.6%overweight,6.8%obesity)for girls in 2016,respectively.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);Compared with the suburbs,the prevalences of overweight and obesity among urban girls in 2013,urban boys in 2014 and 2015,were higher than those in suburbs,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).(2)Concerning muscle strength,the scores of children and adolescents aged 7-18 in Shanghai were increased from 24.7kg for boys and 18.4kg for girls in 2013 to 27.0kg for boys and 19.7kg for girls in 2016,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.001);Urban areas compared with the suburbs,urban boys in 2013 and 2016,girls in 2013 and 2015 grip strength were lower than the suburbs,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);Standing long jump results among boys and girls aged 7-18 in Shanghai were increased from 175.1cm for boys,152.2cm for girls in 2013,to 180.5cm for boys,152.8cm for girls in 2016,and the differences in boys were statistically significant(P<0.01),female differences are not significant;Compared with the suburbs,the urban students in 2013 and 2014 were lower than the suburbs,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).(3)Regarding muscle endurance,30 seconds sit-ups scores overall among children and adolescents aged 7-18 in Shanghai were increased from 22.0 for boys,21.0 for girls in 2013 to 23.0 for boys,22.0 for girls in 2016,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);Compared with the suburbs,urban students in 2013 and 2015 30 seconds sit-ups were lower than the suburbs,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).(4)Regarding flexibility,sit and reach scores in general among children and adolescents aged 7-18 in Shanghai had significantly increased(33.2cm for boys,36.5cm for girls,in 2013;34.1cm for boys,37.7cm for girls,in 2016).The difference was statistically significance(P<0.05);Compared with the suburbs,the urban boys in 2013 were lower than the suburbs,higher than the suburbs in 2014,urban girls in 2013 were lower than the suburbs,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).(5)Concerning cardiopulmonary endurance,there was no obvious rule of the maximal oxygen uptake of boys and girls in Shanghai from 7 to 18 years old.With the increase of age,the relative oxygen value of boys had no obvious rule,and the girls showed a decreasing trend;Compared with the suburbs,the urban residents of urban and rural areas in 2014 and 2015,the maximum relative oxygen value is lower than the suburbs,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).(6)There were significant differences in the standing long jump,30 seconds of sit-ups and maximal oxygen uptake in young people who were normal,overweight and obese children(P<0.05),and the normal group of the results are relatively best,obesity group performance is relatively poor.(7)The normal proportion of adolescent adolescence was higher than that before puberty,and the difference was significant in boys and girls in 2014-2016 at different developmental stages(P<0.05),and in the grip strength,standing long jump,30 seconds sit-ups and improved seat flexion four items on the boys and girls adolescence results were significantly better than before the puberty(P<0.05).Conclusions(1)In addition to cardiopulmonary endurance,the health-related physical fitness,included body composition,muscle strength,muscle endurance and flexibility showed an increasing trend over time from 2013 to 2016,and with the increase of age among children and adolescents;Compared with urban areas,the health-related physical fitness among children and adolescents in suburban areas was significantly higher.(2)Children and adolescents in Shanghai from 2013--2016 in the lower limb muscle strength,muscle endurance and heart and lung endurance three aspects,the weight of the normal group was better than the overweight group,the overweight group was better than the obese group.(3)In addition to cardiopulmonary endurance,children and adolescents in Shanghai from 2013-2016 healthy physical fitness in late puberty is better than before puberty. |
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