| Track and field,which is the base for all the other sports,serving as a decisive role within the field of competitive sports.As the program of the Chinese competitive activity,track and field,progresses in a high speed,the athletes of track and field are to burden much more,especially for the young ones.Meanwhile,we could not ignore that the high rate of sport injury become the source of obstacle in the training and the contest of track and field.And the sport injury undermines the systematicness and persistency of athletic training,setting barrier to high-level athletes to step up and reserve the athletic period.In this way,how to take precaution against and give treatment to athletic injury in a correct way comes into a serious problem to be solved.The aim of the present study is to figure out the law and the trend of the athletic injury through the research and analysis among the high-level track and field athletes in Beijing colleges,thus finding out both the common types and cause and putting forward the targeted preventative,remedial and healing measures.Several researching methods are applied to it: literature research method,questionnaire survey,expert interview method,competitive analysis method and mathematic statistics.1.In universities of Beijing,the body parts most vulnerable to injury for high-level track-and-field athletes are: knee,ankle,shank,lumbar spinal cord,hip and wrist,the injury rates are: 21.3%,18.1%,16.0%,11.7%,10.6%,and 8.5% respectively.Moreover,the injury part is closely related to the specific sport items the athletes are engaged in.For runners,the part most vulnerable to injury is basically at the lower limbs;for the athletes who jump and spring,mostly at the lower limbs and in a few cases at the upper limbs;and for the athletes who toss and throw,mostly at the upper limbs.2.In universities of Beijing,for high-level track-and-field athletes,the slight injury accounts for the biggest part of the degree to which they are hurt – 83% of all who are injured;the second to that is moderate injury –12.8%;the last is severe injury,which is a relatively rare case,accounts for 4.3%.3.In universities of Beijing,for high-level track-and-field athletes,the nature of sports damage is closely related to the specific sport items the athletes are engaged in: sports damage caused by running and throwing is featured by chronic injury,sports damage caused by jumping acute injury.4.In universities of Beijing,for high-level track-and-field athletes,sports damage happens mostly during the training,and the percentage rate is 67.0%,and it's 12.8% for the damage before training,20.2% after.5.Types of athletic injury which are found among the high level track and field athletes in Beijing college schools: running sports include crus spasm,front ankle strike,strained ligamentum,shin splints,Achilles tendinitis,gonitis,coxitis;jumping sports include meniscus tear,front ankle strike,Achilles' s tendon avulsion,lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion,plantar fasciitis,sprain of ankle,lap pulled muscle;discussing sports include carpal tunnel syndrome,SLAP tear,Rotator cuff muscles tendon myotenositis and tear,tennis elbow,shoulder unsteadiness,wrist fracture.6.The reasons for sport injury are divided into the potential ones and the direct ones,while the potential ones indicate the feature of this specific sport and physical structural characteristic,and the direct ones mainly include the physical fitness,training factor,mental factor,skills,medical security.7.The measures to deal with athletic injury consist of the way to prevent,cure and recover.The preventing way is to raise the sport quality,rigorous physical fitness reserve,arrange and prepare appropriately,arrange sports load appropriately,relax and regain,enhance medical supervision,respect analysis on action,get well-prepared psychological quality training;the curing way is to apply “RICE” principle to field first aid and seek help from hospital accordingly;the regaining way is to get functionality regain. |
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