| Diabetes is a typical energy-metabolic disease caused by disorders of the body’s sugar,fat and protein metabolism.At present,in addition to the special attention to the drug treatment programs,exercise therapy is widely concerned.A large number of studies have shown that moderate exercise plays an important role in improving the metabolism of the body,especially the glucose and lipid metabolism.The physiological functions of the body movement can make adaptive changes,such as increased muscle contraction strength,promote the enhancement of The new supersedes the old.,glucose uptake,reducing sugar content in vivo,improve glucose tolerance,improve insulin sensitivity,maintain glucose homeostasis.Growth factor 11(GDF11),a member of the transforming growth factor beta(TGF-β)superfamily.In the early embryonic development,GDF11 through the negative regulation of the role,including bone,kidney,pancreas,retina,olfactory nerve and other tissues and organs of the formation and differentiation of embryonic normal development of indispensable molecules.In recent years,it has been found that GDF11 has a significant effect on improving brain cognition,reversing myocardial hypertrophy,improving skeletal muscle metabolism,and so on.It shows that GDF11 has a wide range of biological activities and potential application value.Increase the body’s GDF11 content,can increase the number of mitochondria in skeletal muscle,improve mitochondrial function,enhance the body’s metabolism of sugar,grip strength and endurance training ability has been improved.GDF11 serum levels are closely related to many diseases,such as arrhythmia,myocardial infarction,hypotension,cardiovascular disease,in patients with severe aortic stenosis,diabetes and heart disease in patients with high levels of serum GDF11.However,there are few studies on the content of GDF11 in skeletal muscle of diabetic patients and the effect on glucose and lipid metabolism.The relationship between the expression of GDF11 in skeletal muscle and diabetes mellitus needs further study,which opens up a new way for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.This study was to investigate the role of aerobic exercise in the regulation of BMP1 / GDF11 glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle during type 2 diabetes mellitus,and to elucidate the key signal molecules of skeletal muscle GDF11 to providetheoretical basis for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and related metabolic diseases.Methods:8 week old male mice 24,were randomly divided into control group 6(C group),simple aerobic exercise group 6(E group),high fat diet group 6(H group),high fat diet combined with aerobic exercise group 6(HE group),the control group and simple aerobic exercise group were fed basic diet,the other two groups were fed a high fat and high glucose diet.High-fat and high-fat diet formula for lard 10%,20% sucrose,egg yolk powder 8%,sodium cholate 0.1%,base feed 61.9%(AIN-93G).Feed is purchased at Hebei Medical University Animal Feeding Center.Feeding time is 6W.H group and HE group using animal treadmill,to adapt to training for 3 days,the official exercise for six weeks,five days a week training,rest for two days.The first week of exercise time 45 min / day,10 m / min,after the weekly movement time unchanged,the speed increased 1m / min,slope 0.Body weight of mice were detected every week,fasting blood glucose of mice were detected after 6 weeks.Using biotin double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)determination of serum insulin concentration(INS).GDF11 m RNA,BMP1 mRNA content of skeletal muscle by quantitative real-time RT-PCR.Differential expression of GDF11 Western blot were detected in skeletal muscle of mice in.Results :(1)Repeated measures analysis of variance: the weight between different time had significant difference(F=29.948,P<0.01),there was significant difference between the weight of mice(F=10.135,P<0.01),there is interaction between the time and the weight of mice(F=1.996,P<0.05).Multivariate analysis of variance: At the end of the 6 week experiment,the weight gain of the H group compared with the E group had very significant difference(P<0.01).(2)After 6 weeks,exercise can significantly reduce blood glucose(P<0.01),the control diet can significantly reduce blood glucose(P<0.01),but aerobic exercise and diet control of blood glucose in mice decreased without significant interaction(P>0.05).It shows that aerobic exercise can regulate blood glucose to a certain extent.Aerobic exercise on reducing seruminsulin and insulin resistance index of mice were significantly different,but the aerobic exercise and control diet on reducing serum insulin of mice no interaction(P>0.05).This shows that exercise can improve the secretion of serum insulin.Both aerobic exercise and diet control can effectively improve the insulin sensitivity index.Aerobic exercise and diet control had significant interaction with insulin resistance index in mice(P<0.05).Simple effect analysis: Compared with H group,the insulin resistance index of the HE group was significantly lower than that of the H group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the insulin resistance index between the E group and the C group(P> 0.05),which indicated that the aerobic exercise could decrease the insulin resistance index of mice fed with high fat diet was not significantly different from the normal diet fed insulin resistance index.(3)The expression of GDF11 protein was detected by Western-Blot assay: after 6 weeks of intervention,aerobic exercise could effectively increase the expression level of GDF11 in skeletal muscle of mice(P <0.01),and the expression level of GDF11 in skeletal muscle of mice was significantly decreased(P<0.01).Both aerobic exercise and controlled diet could improve the expression of GDF11 in skeletal muscle of mice,but there was no significant interaction between aerobic exercise and control diet on GDF11 expression(P> 0.05).(4)The quantitative expression of GDF11 mRNA in skeletal muscle was detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR: aerobic exercise had a significant effect on the increase of GDF11 mRNA in skeletal muscle of mice(P<0.01),and the control diet could significantly increase the expression of GDF11 mRNA(P<0.01).(5)The quantitative expression of BMP1 mRNA in skeletal muscle was detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR: aerobic exercise had a significant effect on the increase of BMP1 mRNA in skeletal muscle of mice(P<0.01),and the simple dietary control could increase the expression of BMP1 m RNA in skeletal muscle.Conclusion:(1)High-fat and high-sugar diet induced mice significant increase in body weight,and aerobic exercise can effectively control weight gain.(2)Aerobic exercise can effectively reduce blood sugar and serum insulin levels,increase insulin sensitivity index,and effectively prevent and treat diabetes.(3)Aerobic exercise can increase GDF11 gene transcription and protein expression,increase glucose uptake by skeletal muscles,and increase insulin sensitivity.(4)Aerobic exercise can induce the high expression of BMP1 and GDF11 in skeletal muscle,improve the BMP1/GDF11 signaling pathway and decrease the insulin resistance index. |
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