Study On Determinants Of The Labor Force Participation Decision Of Urban Females In China

After the founding of New China,with the accomplishment of socialist transformation and the publicity of women's liberation,there is the gender equality between males and females in the area of employment at some degree.At that time,the female labor force participation rate is very high.However,since the reform and open policy,the original employment system is shocked by market economy.Owing to the physiological characteristics of females and the changes of the market demand,there is no growth trend of the rate,companied with rapid economic growth.What's more,there is obviously decrease of the rate,and then it keeps going down until 2007.With the gradually drying demographic dividend,it is an important way to stimulate economic growth that making policies on promoting more female labor forces to enter into the labor market.As the consequence of that,it is crucial to study on determinants which have impacts on the participation decision of female labor forces.Theoretically,it clarifies the determinants.Practically,it helps to make scientific policies to promote the employment of females and even economic growth.The dissertation chooses the urban females of economically active population aged 16 to 54 from the database of CHIP in 2002,2007 and 2013 as the sample to study the determinants which have impacts on female labor force participation decision.What's more,for further analysis,the dissertation selects urban married women aged 20 to 54 as the sample to study the determinants.It finds that the relation between age and the female labor force participation decision shows inverted U-shape.And the level of education has positive forces on the female labor participation decision,that the level higher,the probability of females to choose to work higher.But the positive forces are decreasing each year.Besides,the level of education has less positive forces on females who get married,compared with the unmarried one.Preschool children raised in family have a definite negative effect on the decision,and it is gradually growing weak.The level of household income has a stronger substitute effect than income effect,which means the probability that females decide to work is higher as the level grows up.According to the empirical study,there are two reasons why the urban females tend not to enter the labor market.Firstly,the overall economic environment is not good for them,so they temporally exit from the market waiting for better chance in the future.Secondly,the family responsibility is much heavy.They would like to quit the market for children and the elderly.Hence,to attract urban females to enter into the labor market for promoting the sustainable development of economy,it should strengthen management of quality education system,perfect vocational training system,strengthen employment security system of females,regular the early education industry and establish the social services system for the elderly.